Introduction
The first Epistle to the Corinthians is a practical letter. It is to written to correct the errors brought about by the carnality of the believers in the church. That does not suggest that Paul did not give attention to doctrine in this epistle. Throughout the letter we see the Pastoral concern for a church that struggles spiritually in a pagan society. Corinth was the most important city in Greece during Paul’s time. It was a wealthy commercial city and a crossroads for travel. It had two harbors. The old city was destroyed by Romans in 146 B.C. The new city was built by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C. When Paul came to Corinth in A.D. 51, it was a growing commercial center. Corinthians took pride in their Greek culture, entertainments, wealth and in their idolatrous religious practices. Corinth was known for the Isthmian games. The shining temple to Aphrodite was located on a rocky hill, visible for all. In the temple served a thousand temple prostitutes as night entertainers. Its population was pluralistic in nature with sizable group of Jews and synagogue. Nearly half of the population was slaves. It was a moral cesspool and known for gross immorality. The name “Corinth” was a byword for all impure and sensual sins. From such place, many people were saved through the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ by Paul (1 Cor 6:9-11).
The founding of the church:
Paul visited Corinth on his second Missionary journey. His ministry at Athens was not fruitful (Acts 17:16-34). So, Paul determined to preach nothing but “Jesus Christ and him crucified in Corinth (1 Cor 2:2). In Corinth he accepted the hospitality of Aquila and his wife Priscilla. He worked with them making tents and on Sabbath reasoned with Jews concerning Christ in the Synagogue (Acts 18:1-4). One of the earliest converts was Crispus, the leader of the synagogue. Facing opposition from Jews, Paul was led to the home of Gaius (1 Cor 1:14). Paul ministered in Corinth for eighteen months and a church was formed. During this time Paul went through discouragement but God’s faithful providence and promises strengthened him to continue the ministry (Acts 18:9-11). Paul wrote first Corinthians from Ephesus towards the end of his three year ministry there in A.D 55 (16:8-9). This church was facing many difficulties and sought Paul's advice. First Corinthians is the answer to these questions raised by the church. Paul reminds this church that God's people posses all the resources needed for spiritual growth.
The founding of the church:
Paul visited Corinth on his second Missionary journey. His ministry at Athens was not fruitful (Acts 17:16-34). So, Paul determined to preach nothing but “Jesus Christ and him crucified in Corinth (1 Cor 2:2). In Corinth he accepted the hospitality of Aquila and his wife Priscilla. He worked with them making tents and on Sabbath reasoned with Jews concerning Christ in the Synagogue (Acts 18:1-4). One of the earliest converts was Crispus, the leader of the synagogue. Facing opposition from Jews, Paul was led to the home of Gaius (1 Cor 1:14). Paul ministered in Corinth for eighteen months and a church was formed. During this time Paul went through discouragement but God’s faithful providence and promises strengthened him to continue the ministry (Acts 18:9-11). Paul wrote first Corinthians from Ephesus towards the end of his three year ministry there in A.D 55 (16:8-9). This church was facing many difficulties and sought Paul's advice. First Corinthians is the answer to these questions raised by the church. Paul reminds this church that God's people posses all the resources needed for spiritual growth.
Chapter 1
Greetings:
(Read 1 Cor 1:1-3)
Paul begins the epistle by introducing himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God. An apostle is the one who is sent with authority to speak for Christ. Paul’s apostleship was questioned by many in the Corinthian church (1 Cor 9:1-2; 2 Cor 10:10). Paul claims his apostleship on four grounds. He was a chosen vessel of God (Acts 9:15). Secondly, Paul was personally commissioned by Christ (Acts 9:6). Thirdly, he had seen the risen Lord (1 Cor 9:1-2). Fourthly, Paul was the recipient of divine revelation (Gal 1:12). Paul joins his fellow worker of the gospel, Sosthenes to greet the church. All the servants of Christ must have the confidence of their calling to become effective in their ministry. Paul identifies this church as the church of God. Church is made up of born again believers who are set apart for God’s special use (Act 20:28). They are called by God and sanctified in Christ Jesus. They receive positional sanctification when they get saved. They are progressively sanctified now by the Holy Spirit and will be perfectly sanctified when Christ returns (Heb 10:14; 1 Thessalonians 5:23; 1 John 3:2-3). It was a church with many flaws yet united in Christ and greatly loved by God. They are expected to live in conformity to the will of God. Paul greets the church with a standard greeting of grace and peace. Grace is the foundation and peace is the result. They come from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Grace is the unmerited favor of God in Christ Jesus. Peace is the inward calm Christians enjoy in Christ. We can be confident of God's grace and peace because He is faithful in his promise (Is 26:3). They are united to Christ and blessed with all spiritual resources to enjoy God. Do you experience this joy and peace in Christ?
Thanksgiving:
(Read 1 Cor 1:4-9)
Paul never stopped giving thanks for the Corinthian church. Their salvation was an evidence of God’s grace and power. They had been enriched with all eloquence and all knowledge. They did not lack in any spiritual gifts. Paul faithfully preached the gospel at Corinth. They responded to the gospel by believing and eagerly waiting for the return of Christ. They anticipated the day Christ will declare them blameless before God. Their confidence was in the faithfulness of God who saved them (1 Cor 1:7-8; 1 Thessalonians 5:24). God called them to the fellowship of his Son, Jesus Christ (1 Cor 1:9). Christian fellowship includes both union and communion. The believers had been brought in to union with Christ and communion with one another. The only way we can grow spiritually is by depending upon what God has provided for us in Christ (Ephesians 4:3-6). Are you thankful for Christian fellowship in the church and outside? Thanksgiving is the healthiest of all human emotions (Psalms 107:1, 2, 21). We are commanded to give thanks in all circumstances (1 Thessalonians 5:18). Thanksgiving is the highest exercise of memory (Psalms 103:1-3). Thankful people are the happy people. Lack of thankfulness is the sign of the last days (2 Tim 3:1-2). Christians have a fellowship with Christ and with God as our Father.
Division in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 1:10-17)
Paul has received the report that there is division in the church (1 Cor 1:11). The church members were taking sides with their favorite leaders with attractive gifts. He approaches this problem by denouncing their factional spirit and calling them for unity. He exhorts them by the authority of an apostle for unity. He pleads with them to be of one mind and one purpose in Christ. There were four rival groups in the church. Some professed to follow Paul, the great teacher; some Apollos, the gifted orator and others claimed to follow Peter or Cephas who was with Jesus. Then there was a group claimed to follow only Christ (1 Cor 1:12). They downgraded the Lord to the level of human leaders. Paul never favored himself over other godly leaders at the expense of Christ. God’s servants are all on the same level (3:9). They are sent to proclaim the same gospel message. Paul argues against sectarianism in the church. Paul asks,
"Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Were you baptized in the name of Paul? (1 Cor 1:13)”. Paul was thankful that very few believers were baptized by him so that no one could accuse him of influencing people. He was sent not to baptize but to preach the gospel. Baptism was not necessary for salvation, otherwise Paul would have told us. Baptism is the public confession of our identification with Christ in his death, burial and resurrection. Those who are saved should testify the Lord in baptism (Mat 28:19). Paul’s preaching was not with words of eloquent, wisdom, lest the cross of Christ would lose its power (1:17). The true source of power for ministry does not come from clever speech but from the power of the Holy Spirit (Rom 1:16). God is the one ultimately saves sinners.
Christ is the wisdom and Power of God:
(Read 1 Cor 1:18-25)
In the Corinthian church, there was an obsession for wisdom. Paul wants the church to place its confidence on the person of Christ and his accomplishments rather than human wisdom. Only Christ gives us right standing with God. He made our redemption and sanctification possible (1 Cor 1:30-31). Only the risen Christ can provide the transforming power believers needed. Paul singles out two groups; those who perish and those who are saved. Those who perish consider the preaching of the cross is foolishness. They rely on human accomplishment for righteousness. Those who are saved know that only the gospel has the power to save sinners (1 Cor 1:18). True wisdom is seeing life from God’s perspective. Paul argues that God will destroy human wisdom and make the wisdom of the world foolish (Isaiah 29:14). The world by its wisdom is incapable of knowing God (Job 11:7; Rom 1:20-22). God has used the foolishness of preaching of the gospel to save sinners (1 Cor 1:21). Jews seek miraculous sign to prove Christ's authority (Mat 12:38). Greeks seek wisdom (Acts 17:20). The preaching of the crucified Christ was a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Greeks. But to those who believe, it is the power of God and the wisdom of God (1 Cor 1:24). The foolishness of God is wiser than the wisest human plans. The weakness of God is stronger than the human strength (1 Cor 1:25).
Only Christ is Worthy of our Praise:
(Read 1 Cor 1:26-31)
The factional spirit at Corinth was wrong because it is not consistence with the gospel message. The believers are called into the fellowship of Christ. The Corinthian believers were poor and not wise according to world standards. Many of them were not of noble birth. But God chose them to shame the wise and the strong. The selection of them was designed to silence the wisdom of the world. So that no one would boast in the presence of God. God revealed His wisdom, righteousness, sanctification and redemption in Christ. The wisdom of God is demonstrated on the cross (Col 2:3). Christ is our righteousness (1 Cor 5:21). Someone has said "In justification, the righteousness is applied and in sanctification, righteousness is activated in us" (2 Thessalonians 2:13). Christians are redeemed from the judgment and power of sin (Rom 8:1). When Christ returns they will be redeemed from the presence of sin and their body will be glorified (Rom 8:23). Christ alone made us right with God. No one can boast before God. Christ alone is worthy of our praise (1:31; Jeremiah 9:23-24). When human wisdom becomes more important than Christ, it can cripple us spiritually. We should focus on Christ so that we can love and serve Christ. We should not look to circumstances but rejoice in God and his faithfulness. The hall mark of spirituality is the hunger and thirst to know Christ (Phil 3:10). Is Jesus Christ your Lord and Savior? Only Christ is worthy of our praise.
Chapter 2
Paul Preaches Christ Crucified:
(Read 1 Cor 2:1-5)
The Corinthian believers were obsessed with the wisdom and eloquent speech. Paul reminds them that what they needed is unity in Spirit and divine wisdom. When Paul first came to Corinth, he did not preach with lofty wisdom but Christ crucified. His preaching was anything but impressive or eloquent. But the Holy Spirit had made powerful impression on the Corinthians. Paul was capable of preaching impressive messages with philosophical skill. But he preached in weakness. He decided to preach Jesus Christ and his death on the cross. It was a plain and simple presentation of the gospel. This approach disappointed many Corinthians (2 Cor 10:10). Paul was determined that Jesus must increase and he must decrease. His ministry was the demonstration of the Spirit and of power of God
(1 Cor 2:4). The Christian life begins with the gospel and continues to provide power for Christian living (Rom 1:16-17). Where ever the gospel was preached, the souls were saved. The eloquence, logic arguments and polished oratory cannot save souls. Salvation is by grace through faith in Christ Jesus. It is the gift of God and can’t be earn by good deeds (Eph 2:8-10). Christ came to save sinners. The heartbeat of the gospel is the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The simplicity of the gospel helps people to understand their need of salvation. The essential elements of the gospel are the "The truth about God, the truth about man, the truth about Christ and human responsibility. People need to know that God loves them, men are sinners and separated from God. Christ died on the cross to save sinners. Jesus paid the penalty of our sin. His resurrection on the third day is proof that he is the perfect Son of God. Whoever calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved (Rom 10:13). Only those who admit that they are sinners qualify for God's salvation.
The Source of Divine Wisdom:
(Read 1 Cor 2: 6-11)
What Paul proclaimed in Corinth was the true wisdom of God. The matured believers understand and appreciate this wisdom. The gospel is foolishness from world’s perspective (1 Cor 1:18). From God’s perspective gospel contains the hidden wisdom of God. It was hidden from eternity (1 Cor 2:7). This divine wisdom is now revealed in the gospel (1 Cor 2:10-12; Rom 16:25-26). The natural man cannot understand the divine wisdom. If the rulers of this world understood the wisdom of God revealed in the gospel, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. Human wisdom is based on intellectual speculations. The gospel reveals the crucified Christ as the Lord of glory (1 Cor 2:8). Paul quotes Isaiah 64:4 to show that the wisdom of God is not of human origin. Now it is revealed unto the apostles by the Holy Spirit and recorded in the Bible for our understanding. It requires divine illumination to understand (1 Cor 2:11). The Corinthians rather than accepting the gospel as God's wisdom, they were trying to understand it in their own wisdom. The gospel should be preached in the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit interprets spiritual things to those who are spiritual.
The Natural man's wisdom versus Spiritual Wisdom:
(Read 1 Cor 2:12-16)
The natural man can’t understand the gospel because it is to be spiritually discerned (1 Cor 2:14). The difference between natural man and spiritual man is that spiritual man understands the gospel. The spiritual man believes the truth reveled in the Bible. Their object of faith is Jesus Christ. The spiritual man understand spiritual things (1 Cor 2:15). These days Christians are tempted to alter the message of the gospel to make it more acceptable to unbelievers. It is a misguided approach that weakens the message of the gospel. Gospel should never be presented as a user friendly message. The gospel is the exclusive message (John 14:6). Someone has said “If there is not confrontation, there will be no transformation”. If the gospel does not confront our conscience, Christ cannot transform our lives. The reason for rejecting the gospel is the same throughout the history. Without the illumination of the Holy Spirit, spiritual thing does not make any sense. The gospel is costly because it demands submission to Christ. The believers understand spiritual things because they have the mind of Christ (1 Cor 2:16). "The mind of Christ" is a reference to the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 12:3). "We have the mind of Christ". The term “We” includes the apostle Paul and all true believers. Pray that God would enlighten your heart to understand the gospel. Those who thirst and hunger for truth will be satisfied. Are you satisfied with Christ?
Chapter 3
Marks of Carnality:
(Read 1 Cor 3:1-5)
Paul calls the Corinthian believers, carnal Christians because they act like spiritual babies (Gal 5:17). He could not speak to them as to spiritual men. The clearest evidence of their spiritual immaturity is their strife with one another. They are carnal and not growing spiritually (1 Cor 3:1). Their envy, strife and division are the marks of their carnality. They destroy the unity in the church by not living by the Spirit. The party spirits in the church shows its carnality. Apostle Paul and Apollos are only ministers and fellow workers in the gospel (Acts 18:9-10). The warfare between flesh and Spirit will continue in Christian life (Gal 5:17). However, because of the Spirit at work in us, we can repent and live a godly life. We should not despair when carnality tries to influence our behavior. Regular confession of sin to God and turning to Christ for mercy will free us from fleshly behavior. Only spiritually matured believers are capable of making spiritual discernment and recognize the difference between good and evil (Heb 5:14). We should keep short account with God by confessing our sins regularly. Pray for the courage to make things right with those whom you have sinned against.
Fellow Workers in the Gospel:
(Read 1 Cor 3:6-17)
God used Paul to start the church at Corinth. While men sow the seeds, only God makes them to grow. Paul reminds the Corinthians that Paul and Apollos are the servants of the Lord (1 Cor 3:9). They cannot take any credit for the work accomplished through them. God gives them the grace to serve, so God gets the glory (1 Cor 3:10). Paul uses two illustrations to explain this principle. The Corinthian church is compared to God’s field and God’s building. Paul had laid the foundation and Apollos built upon it. The foundation is Jesus Christ (1 Cor 3:11). We are saved to serve. Many believers are wasting their lives by not serving the Lord. The quality and motives of our works are important. One day our works will be evaluated. So it is important what we do with the gifts God has given us. Paul warns that anything that is built by human strength and wisdom will be exposed and destroyed. Our work is compared to gold, silver and precious stones. They are materials that last. The wood, hay and straw are temporal and will not withstand the test of fire. Every man’s work will be openly displayed at the judgment seat of Christ
(1 Cor 3:13; 2 Cor 5:10). Those who faithfully serve Christ will hear from the Lord “Well done, good and faithful servant” (Mat 25:21). If any one’s work does not survive the test of fire, he will lose rewards but does not suffer the loss of his salvation (1 Cor 3:15; 5:5). He is likened to a stick snatched from the fire (Zech 3:2). The church is God’s temple because it is made up of believers in whom the Holy Spirit dwells (John 14:16). God's temple is holy. If anyone dishonor God’s temple, he will be judged.
Do not be deceived by Human wisdom:
(Read 1 Cor 3:18-23)
Paul warns Corinthians that they should not be deceived by human wisdom. The wisdom of this world is foolishness and worthless in God’s sight. God catches the wise in their own craftiness (1 Cor 3:20; Job 5:13). So, let no one boast in human leadership. for God is the source of all blessings in our lives (1 Cor 3:22; Rom 8:32). It is because of our union with Christ all these blessings are ours. And we belong to Christ and Christ belongs to God. Christ is not subordinate to God the Father. He is the anointed Son of God. We serve Christ because of God’s grace. We must give him glory for the work he is doing in and through us. Our strength to follow Christ is the result of God's grace in our lives.
(Read 1 Cor 3:1-5)
Paul calls the Corinthian believers, carnal Christians because they act like spiritual babies (Gal 5:17). He could not speak to them as to spiritual men. The clearest evidence of their spiritual immaturity is their strife with one another. They are carnal and not growing spiritually (1 Cor 3:1). Their envy, strife and division are the marks of their carnality. They destroy the unity in the church by not living by the Spirit. The party spirits in the church shows its carnality. Apostle Paul and Apollos are only ministers and fellow workers in the gospel (Acts 18:9-10). The warfare between flesh and Spirit will continue in Christian life (Gal 5:17). However, because of the Spirit at work in us, we can repent and live a godly life. We should not despair when carnality tries to influence our behavior. Regular confession of sin to God and turning to Christ for mercy will free us from fleshly behavior. Only spiritually matured believers are capable of making spiritual discernment and recognize the difference between good and evil (Heb 5:14). We should keep short account with God by confessing our sins regularly. Pray for the courage to make things right with those whom you have sinned against.
Fellow Workers in the Gospel:
(Read 1 Cor 3:6-17)
God used Paul to start the church at Corinth. While men sow the seeds, only God makes them to grow. Paul reminds the Corinthians that Paul and Apollos are the servants of the Lord (1 Cor 3:9). They cannot take any credit for the work accomplished through them. God gives them the grace to serve, so God gets the glory (1 Cor 3:10). Paul uses two illustrations to explain this principle. The Corinthian church is compared to God’s field and God’s building. Paul had laid the foundation and Apollos built upon it. The foundation is Jesus Christ (1 Cor 3:11). We are saved to serve. Many believers are wasting their lives by not serving the Lord. The quality and motives of our works are important. One day our works will be evaluated. So it is important what we do with the gifts God has given us. Paul warns that anything that is built by human strength and wisdom will be exposed and destroyed. Our work is compared to gold, silver and precious stones. They are materials that last. The wood, hay and straw are temporal and will not withstand the test of fire. Every man’s work will be openly displayed at the judgment seat of Christ
(1 Cor 3:13; 2 Cor 5:10). Those who faithfully serve Christ will hear from the Lord “Well done, good and faithful servant” (Mat 25:21). If any one’s work does not survive the test of fire, he will lose rewards but does not suffer the loss of his salvation (1 Cor 3:15; 5:5). He is likened to a stick snatched from the fire (Zech 3:2). The church is God’s temple because it is made up of believers in whom the Holy Spirit dwells (John 14:16). God's temple is holy. If anyone dishonor God’s temple, he will be judged.
Do not be deceived by Human wisdom:
(Read 1 Cor 3:18-23)
Paul warns Corinthians that they should not be deceived by human wisdom. The wisdom of this world is foolishness and worthless in God’s sight. God catches the wise in their own craftiness (1 Cor 3:20; Job 5:13). So, let no one boast in human leadership. for God is the source of all blessings in our lives (1 Cor 3:22; Rom 8:32). It is because of our union with Christ all these blessings are ours. And we belong to Christ and Christ belongs to God. Christ is not subordinate to God the Father. He is the anointed Son of God. We serve Christ because of God’s grace. We must give him glory for the work he is doing in and through us. Our strength to follow Christ is the result of God's grace in our lives.
Chapter 4
Character of a Servant:
(Read 1 Cor 4: 1-5)
The Corinthian church focused on human wisdom and strength. Their ministry was not Christ centered. Paul modeled his ministry after Christ and never sought human approval or praise. He considered himself a steward. A steward is entrusted with property and accountable to the master. He should be faithful (1 Cor 4:2-3). Paul thinks very little about what others think about him and his ministry. He had a clear conscience but that does not mean he was perfect. He recognizes that the Lord is the one who judges and he should wait until Christ shed light on the hidden things. Christ will disclose the purpose and motive of our hearts and each one will receive praise from God for their faithful service (1 Cor 4:5). Someone has said "The human nature is such that we could become irrational in self-assessment" (Jer 17:9). We should be less concerned about human praise. A servant of God should be faithfulness to the Lord who has called him to the ministry. It is a privilege to serve Christ.
Example of Faithfulness:
(Read 1 Cor 4: 6-13)
Paul’s ministry was a Christ-centered one and he was an example to Corinthians. He uses the example of Himself and Apollos to illustrate it. Paul wanted that Corinthian church should not boast about human accomplishment at the expense of others (1 Cor 4:6). They should become imitators of Christ by paying attention to the scriptures. They were boasting about their blessings. Paul reminds them that they have not accomplished anything on their own strength (1 Cor 4:7). There is no room for personal pride when it comes to serving God. We owe all things to God. Paul wants them to know that God has put the apostles on display, like prisoners of war at the end of the victory parade. They were made spectacle to the world, both to angels and to men (1 Cor 4:9). The apostles were considered fools for Christ because they preached nothing but Christ. On the other hand, the Corinthians used their Christian faith to extend their reputation in the world. Meanwhile the apostles endured, beating and homelessness. They worked for living and proclaimed the gospel freely. They blessed those who cursed them. They were patient with those who abused them (1 Cor 4:12). When they were slandered they responded gently. They are treated like scum of the world. Scholars suggest that it may be the reference to the ancient Greek custom of throwing worthless persons into sea in times of plague or famine to wash away the nation’s guilt. Paul endured hardship with Christ-like compassion and prayed for those who treated him like garbage
(1 Cor 4:12-13). The Christian life is not a pursuit of the comfort and pleasures in this world. Paul sets an example worth imitating. Those who serve Christ must learn to walk in the ways of the cross.
Paul’s Personal Exhortation:
(Read 1 Cor 4: 14-21)
Paul admonishes the Corinthians as his beloved children. He did not want them to be ashamed and discouraged because of him. The Corinthians had many guardians but have only one spiritual father. The guardians were to assist children in their early years. Paul became their spiritual father in Christ through the gospel. He alone was responsible for the beginning of the Corinthian church. It was Paul who laid the foundation through the gospel (1 Cor 3:10). Paul asks them to follow his example in doctrine and life. Paul sent Timothy to remind them of his ways in Christ and teach them. Paul was consistent in what he had taught in all the churches. Timothy was a beloved and faithful child in the Lord (1 Cor 4:17). Paul was not afraid to visit Corinth again. He is planning to visit them soon. Meanwhile he sent Timothy to encourage them. He wanted to confront those who were proud in their wisdom rather than in God’s power. But Paul was willing to wait for God’s timing. The kingdom of God does not consist in talk but in power (1 Cor 4:20; Rom 14:17). In some sense the kingdom of God has already arrived in Jesus and is now working through the gospel (Luke 17:20-21; John 3:3-5). Paul asks the Corinthians whether he should visit them with rode or in love and in the spirit of gentleness (1 Cor 4:21). The “rod” is a sign of discipline. Those who are saved by the grace will reflect God’s love in their lives and ministry.
(Read 1 Cor 4: 1-5)
The Corinthian church focused on human wisdom and strength. Their ministry was not Christ centered. Paul modeled his ministry after Christ and never sought human approval or praise. He considered himself a steward. A steward is entrusted with property and accountable to the master. He should be faithful (1 Cor 4:2-3). Paul thinks very little about what others think about him and his ministry. He had a clear conscience but that does not mean he was perfect. He recognizes that the Lord is the one who judges and he should wait until Christ shed light on the hidden things. Christ will disclose the purpose and motive of our hearts and each one will receive praise from God for their faithful service (1 Cor 4:5). Someone has said "The human nature is such that we could become irrational in self-assessment" (Jer 17:9). We should be less concerned about human praise. A servant of God should be faithfulness to the Lord who has called him to the ministry. It is a privilege to serve Christ.
Example of Faithfulness:
(Read 1 Cor 4: 6-13)
Paul’s ministry was a Christ-centered one and he was an example to Corinthians. He uses the example of Himself and Apollos to illustrate it. Paul wanted that Corinthian church should not boast about human accomplishment at the expense of others (1 Cor 4:6). They should become imitators of Christ by paying attention to the scriptures. They were boasting about their blessings. Paul reminds them that they have not accomplished anything on their own strength (1 Cor 4:7). There is no room for personal pride when it comes to serving God. We owe all things to God. Paul wants them to know that God has put the apostles on display, like prisoners of war at the end of the victory parade. They were made spectacle to the world, both to angels and to men (1 Cor 4:9). The apostles were considered fools for Christ because they preached nothing but Christ. On the other hand, the Corinthians used their Christian faith to extend their reputation in the world. Meanwhile the apostles endured, beating and homelessness. They worked for living and proclaimed the gospel freely. They blessed those who cursed them. They were patient with those who abused them (1 Cor 4:12). When they were slandered they responded gently. They are treated like scum of the world. Scholars suggest that it may be the reference to the ancient Greek custom of throwing worthless persons into sea in times of plague or famine to wash away the nation’s guilt. Paul endured hardship with Christ-like compassion and prayed for those who treated him like garbage
(1 Cor 4:12-13). The Christian life is not a pursuit of the comfort and pleasures in this world. Paul sets an example worth imitating. Those who serve Christ must learn to walk in the ways of the cross.
Paul’s Personal Exhortation:
(Read 1 Cor 4: 14-21)
Paul admonishes the Corinthians as his beloved children. He did not want them to be ashamed and discouraged because of him. The Corinthians had many guardians but have only one spiritual father. The guardians were to assist children in their early years. Paul became their spiritual father in Christ through the gospel. He alone was responsible for the beginning of the Corinthian church. It was Paul who laid the foundation through the gospel (1 Cor 3:10). Paul asks them to follow his example in doctrine and life. Paul sent Timothy to remind them of his ways in Christ and teach them. Paul was consistent in what he had taught in all the churches. Timothy was a beloved and faithful child in the Lord (1 Cor 4:17). Paul was not afraid to visit Corinth again. He is planning to visit them soon. Meanwhile he sent Timothy to encourage them. He wanted to confront those who were proud in their wisdom rather than in God’s power. But Paul was willing to wait for God’s timing. The kingdom of God does not consist in talk but in power (1 Cor 4:20; Rom 14:17). In some sense the kingdom of God has already arrived in Jesus and is now working through the gospel (Luke 17:20-21; John 3:3-5). Paul asks the Corinthians whether he should visit them with rode or in love and in the spirit of gentleness (1 Cor 4:21). The “rod” is a sign of discipline. Those who are saved by the grace will reflect God’s love in their lives and ministry.
Chapter 5
Paul Condemns Immorality:
(Read 1 Cor 5: 1-8)
In this chapter, Paul confronts the Corinthian church for tolerating sexual immorality. It is the sin of incest. This was forbidden in the Old Testament (Leviticus 18:8). The Jerusalem Church council also has forbidden Christians from sexual immorality (Acts 15:20). This is a sin even the pagan don’t tolerate. This detestable sin should have provoked the strongest response from the church. But because of their pride and carnality the church failed to deal with this problem in their midst. They haven’t removed this man from their fellowship. Paul though absent in person wanted that this sin must be condemned and the offender should be excommunicated from the church. So he instructs that in the authority of Lord Jesus the church must deliver this man to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the last day (1 Cor 5:5). It does not mean this man be killed but be restored from his sin. God always desires the restoration of the backslider (Mat 18:15; Gal 6:1). Paul also has the restoration of this man ultimately in view (2 Cor 2:6-8). The gospel offers hope that all who put their faith in Christ will be ultimately restored in the day of the Lord (1 Cor 5:5). No sin is an isolated sin, it affect others (Josh 7:11). If one person is allowed to go on sinning, soon it will affect the testimony of the whole church. “A little leaven leavens the whole lump”. Grace forgives disobedience but it does not provide permission to sin. Holiness adorns the church (Psalms 93:5). Paul uses the illustration of Passover to show the importance of maintaining purity in the church. The feast of the unleavened bread accompanied in the Passover is a picture of Christ’s vicarious death on the cross (5:7; John 1:29). During that period, for seven days, no leaven should be found in the home. Christ our Passover Lamb has been sacrificed for us. The Christians are called to honor God by living in holiness and devotion towards Christ.
Immorality must be judged:
(Read 1 Cor 5:9-13)
Paul wrote a letter before telling Corinthians not to associate with those who engage in sexual sin (1 Cor 5:9). This letter somehow got lost. The intent of this letter was misunderstood by the church. So, Paul finds it necessary to clarify it (1 Cor 5:9-11). As long as believers live in this world they have to mingle with people around them. This truth is made clear in our Lord’s High priestly prayer for his disciples (John 17:15-18). “I do not ask to take them out of the world, but to keep them safe from the evil one”. What Paul meant was that they should not fellowship with anyone who claims to be a Christian, yet living in sin (1 Cor 5:10). It is not our responsibility to judge outsiders but certainly those inside the church. Paul wished Corinthians should have understood this truth (1 Cor 5:12). God will judge those who are outside (Rom 1:18). Our responsibility is to proclaim the gospel to them and remain faithful to His Word. Paul wants that the person who is committing the sexual sin should be removed from the church. The believers should not have any further fellowship with him (1 Cor 5:13). The most severe form of discipline involves being cut off from the church fellowship. The ultimate purpose of discipline is the restoration of the backslider. It should be done without partiality, care and with sorrow. Christian faith produces Christian life. Pray for God's help to live in obedience to Christ.
(Read 1 Cor 5: 1-8)
In this chapter, Paul confronts the Corinthian church for tolerating sexual immorality. It is the sin of incest. This was forbidden in the Old Testament (Leviticus 18:8). The Jerusalem Church council also has forbidden Christians from sexual immorality (Acts 15:20). This is a sin even the pagan don’t tolerate. This detestable sin should have provoked the strongest response from the church. But because of their pride and carnality the church failed to deal with this problem in their midst. They haven’t removed this man from their fellowship. Paul though absent in person wanted that this sin must be condemned and the offender should be excommunicated from the church. So he instructs that in the authority of Lord Jesus the church must deliver this man to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the last day (1 Cor 5:5). It does not mean this man be killed but be restored from his sin. God always desires the restoration of the backslider (Mat 18:15; Gal 6:1). Paul also has the restoration of this man ultimately in view (2 Cor 2:6-8). The gospel offers hope that all who put their faith in Christ will be ultimately restored in the day of the Lord (1 Cor 5:5). No sin is an isolated sin, it affect others (Josh 7:11). If one person is allowed to go on sinning, soon it will affect the testimony of the whole church. “A little leaven leavens the whole lump”. Grace forgives disobedience but it does not provide permission to sin. Holiness adorns the church (Psalms 93:5). Paul uses the illustration of Passover to show the importance of maintaining purity in the church. The feast of the unleavened bread accompanied in the Passover is a picture of Christ’s vicarious death on the cross (5:7; John 1:29). During that period, for seven days, no leaven should be found in the home. Christ our Passover Lamb has been sacrificed for us. The Christians are called to honor God by living in holiness and devotion towards Christ.
Immorality must be judged:
(Read 1 Cor 5:9-13)
Paul wrote a letter before telling Corinthians not to associate with those who engage in sexual sin (1 Cor 5:9). This letter somehow got lost. The intent of this letter was misunderstood by the church. So, Paul finds it necessary to clarify it (1 Cor 5:9-11). As long as believers live in this world they have to mingle with people around them. This truth is made clear in our Lord’s High priestly prayer for his disciples (John 17:15-18). “I do not ask to take them out of the world, but to keep them safe from the evil one”. What Paul meant was that they should not fellowship with anyone who claims to be a Christian, yet living in sin (1 Cor 5:10). It is not our responsibility to judge outsiders but certainly those inside the church. Paul wished Corinthians should have understood this truth (1 Cor 5:12). God will judge those who are outside (Rom 1:18). Our responsibility is to proclaim the gospel to them and remain faithful to His Word. Paul wants that the person who is committing the sexual sin should be removed from the church. The believers should not have any further fellowship with him (1 Cor 5:13). The most severe form of discipline involves being cut off from the church fellowship. The ultimate purpose of discipline is the restoration of the backslider. It should be done without partiality, care and with sorrow. Christian faith produces Christian life. Pray for God's help to live in obedience to Christ.
Chapter 6
Do Not Sue the Brethren:
(Read 1 Cor 6:1-11)
Paul now deals with civil dispute among the believers in the church. Some of the Corinthians approached the pagan judges to settle their disputes. Paul asks the Corinthians “Don’t you know some day we will judge the world”. He again asks “Don’t you realize that we will judge angels?” (1 Cor 6:3; 2 Pet 2:4; Jude 6). Paul asks “Can’t you settle these little things among yourselves?” (1 Cor 6:5). It is shameful that a brother is suing another brother before unbelievers. They are joint heirs of the kingdom of God. Christians should not bring lawsuits against one another. It would be better for them to suffer the wrong committed to them than to pursue and inflict further injury on fellow believers (1 Cor 6:8). Christian faith produces godly character and behavior. They should surrender their rights and forgive those who harm them. Paul warns that "Don't be deceived , those who practice sin will not inherit the kingdom of God"
(1 Cor 6:9). Genuine believer does not practice sin because he has a new identity and nature (1 John 3:9). True faith always produces good works (Ephesian 2:8-10). Paul indicates that there were some in the church who indulged in the sins mentioned in verse 10. But now they are washed, sanctified and justified. God accomplished this gracious work for them through Christ and by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 6:11). Paul wonders, when Corinthians believers are so blessed, how could they turn to human court to settle their disputes? When God saved us, He has given us the power to live for his glory. No one will be able to live a sinless life until Jesus returns. Only then we will be completely restored to His image. Meanwhile let us grow in purity by the help of the Holy Spirit. Pray for the grace to forgive as you have been forgiven. Christians are washed from all their sins to live for the glory of God.
Glorify God in your Body:
(Read 1 Cor 6:12-20)
Paul confronts those who engage in sexual sin and explains that Christian liberty is not a license to practice sin. In fact the salvation provides powerful motivation to resist sin and live a holy life. Paul says “All things are lawful for me but not everything is of benefit to me”. We must not become slave to sinful habits. One of the fruit of the Holy Spirit is self control (Gal 5:22). Living in obedience is a satisfying and liberating Christian experience. The believers should not be controlled by the temporary pleasures of this world but by the Holy Spirit. Our bodies are made for the Lord’s glory and not for sexual immorality. The believers receive spiritual power through their union with Christ’s death and resurrection. The God who raised the Lord will raise us also by his power (1 Cor 6:14). “You were bought with a price, so glorify God in your body” (1 Cor 6:19-20). Our body is intended to be the temple of the Holy Spirit by virtue of Christ’s redemptive work (6:15; Acts 20:28). It is inconceivable, one can be joined to Christ and to the body of harlot at the same time (6:16; Gen 2:24). The believer who is joined to the Lord receives His Life-giving Spirit and become one with Him (1 Cor 6:17). Sexual immorality is the sin against own body. Paul warns that believers should not abuse their bodies because it is the temple of the Holy Spirit (6:19; Gen 39:9-12). The local church is also called the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 3:16). God is the source of strength for living the Christian life. Pray that God would help you to live a holy life (Rom 13:14).
(Read 1 Cor 6:1-11)
Paul now deals with civil dispute among the believers in the church. Some of the Corinthians approached the pagan judges to settle their disputes. Paul asks the Corinthians “Don’t you know some day we will judge the world”. He again asks “Don’t you realize that we will judge angels?” (1 Cor 6:3; 2 Pet 2:4; Jude 6). Paul asks “Can’t you settle these little things among yourselves?” (1 Cor 6:5). It is shameful that a brother is suing another brother before unbelievers. They are joint heirs of the kingdom of God. Christians should not bring lawsuits against one another. It would be better for them to suffer the wrong committed to them than to pursue and inflict further injury on fellow believers (1 Cor 6:8). Christian faith produces godly character and behavior. They should surrender their rights and forgive those who harm them. Paul warns that "Don't be deceived , those who practice sin will not inherit the kingdom of God"
(1 Cor 6:9). Genuine believer does not practice sin because he has a new identity and nature (1 John 3:9). True faith always produces good works (Ephesian 2:8-10). Paul indicates that there were some in the church who indulged in the sins mentioned in verse 10. But now they are washed, sanctified and justified. God accomplished this gracious work for them through Christ and by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 6:11). Paul wonders, when Corinthians believers are so blessed, how could they turn to human court to settle their disputes? When God saved us, He has given us the power to live for his glory. No one will be able to live a sinless life until Jesus returns. Only then we will be completely restored to His image. Meanwhile let us grow in purity by the help of the Holy Spirit. Pray for the grace to forgive as you have been forgiven. Christians are washed from all their sins to live for the glory of God.
Glorify God in your Body:
(Read 1 Cor 6:12-20)
Paul confronts those who engage in sexual sin and explains that Christian liberty is not a license to practice sin. In fact the salvation provides powerful motivation to resist sin and live a holy life. Paul says “All things are lawful for me but not everything is of benefit to me”. We must not become slave to sinful habits. One of the fruit of the Holy Spirit is self control (Gal 5:22). Living in obedience is a satisfying and liberating Christian experience. The believers should not be controlled by the temporary pleasures of this world but by the Holy Spirit. Our bodies are made for the Lord’s glory and not for sexual immorality. The believers receive spiritual power through their union with Christ’s death and resurrection. The God who raised the Lord will raise us also by his power (1 Cor 6:14). “You were bought with a price, so glorify God in your body” (1 Cor 6:19-20). Our body is intended to be the temple of the Holy Spirit by virtue of Christ’s redemptive work (6:15; Acts 20:28). It is inconceivable, one can be joined to Christ and to the body of harlot at the same time (6:16; Gen 2:24). The believer who is joined to the Lord receives His Life-giving Spirit and become one with Him (1 Cor 6:17). Sexual immorality is the sin against own body. Paul warns that believers should not abuse their bodies because it is the temple of the Holy Spirit (6:19; Gen 39:9-12). The local church is also called the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 3:16). God is the source of strength for living the Christian life. Pray that God would help you to live a holy life (Rom 13:14).
Chapter 7
Teaching on Marriage:
(Read 1 Cor 7:1-7)
Paul addresses various issues that the Corinthians had raised in a letter to him (1 Cor 7:1). First he addresses the issue of marriage and sexuality. It is likely that there was a group within the church who argued that celibacy is desirable if not obligatory on all Christians. Paul says, such practice is good and profitable if God has given the gift to remain happily unmarried. Paul never intends to teach that marriage is morally wrong as compared with celibacy (1 Cor 7:2, 9). To avoid immorality, Paul permits these believers to marry than fall into temptation. In fact, he is encouraging married couples to be sexually active with one another (1 Cor 7:4). A couple may choose to refrain from sexual activity for a limited time so that they can devote themselves to prayer (7:5). Paul does not support the view that remaining unmarried is a sin. God gives some the gift of marriage and to others the gift of singleness
(1 Cor 7:7). Christ does not destroy sexuality but defines the boundaries for it. The marriage relationship provides sexual fulfillment and protect believers from temptations. He has saved us from sin and has given us his Spirit to live the life that pleases him. Paul says, it is better to stay unmarried just as he is
(1 Cor 7:8). Scholars suggest that since Paul was a Pharisee, he was probably married. But when he became a Christians either his wife left him or has died. Do not rush into marriage. Take time to know one another. Before marriage, test the depth of love and commitment to one another. If the other person is not a believer, don’t even consider marriage (2 Cor 6:14). Before marriage, consider your commitment to Christ. Whether you marry or remain single, learn to be content in whatever situation the Lord has placed you. God's Word gives us understanding of the purpose and boundaries of marriage.
The Permanence of Marriage:
(Read 1 Cor 7:8-16)
Here Paul gives instruction to unmarried and widows (1 Cor 7:8-9). Paul says it is better to marry than to burn with lust. God gives special gift to some to remain single and others to marry. Some Corinthians considered singleness was spiritually superior option and considered divorcing their spouses. There was a false belief that husband and wife who abstain from sexual activities are spiritual. These are misguided ideas and practices. Paul’s advice to married couples was that they should not divorce their unbelieving spouses. If a spouse decides to leave, he or she must remain single or be reconciled. The Bible does not approve divorce except on unrepentant adultery (Mat 19:3-9). If an unbelieving husband is willing to continue to live with his believing wife, she must not divorce him (1 Cor 7:13). The unbelieving spouse is made holy because of the believing spouse. It is possible that she can influence the unbelieving husband and children to the saving grace of God (1 Cor 7:14). This does not mean they automatically born into the family of God but more likely get saved. If an unbelieving spouse insists on leaving the believing spouse, he is not under bondage (1 Cor 7:15). Divine standards can’t be imposed upon unbeliever. God has called us to peace. Being spiritual does not mean, out of touch with everyday life experiences. God uses our relationships to bring about his saving purposes in family (1 Cor 7:16).
Live as You Are Called:
(Read 1 Cor 7:17-24)
Paul says that when a person gets saved he does not have to change his identity. The most significant thing about a believer is not his marital status, background or economic status. His true identity is that he belongs to Christ and he is bought with the precious blood of Jesus Christ (1 Cor 7:21-22). When we become Christians, God does not ask us to withdraw from the activities and responsibilities of everyday life. Our vertical relationship is more important than our horizontal relationship. It matters little whether he is free or slave. He has been set free from the bondage of sin to serve the living God. There is no reason why a believer cannot remain faithful to God whether he is single, widowed or married to an unbeliever. So there is no need for a Gentile convert to be circumcised or put away the unbelieving spouse. The Lord promised to give him a new purpose and desire to serve him in whatever circumstance he is placed. In whatever condition each was called, remain there to reveal Christ to others (1 Cor 7:24).
Paul’s Personal Advice:
(Read 1 Cor 7:25-40)
Paul gives his advice under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. In the present circumstance, it is good for a person to remain as Paul is (1 Cor 7:26). This advice should be understood in light of the intense persecution anticipated (1 Cor 15:30-31; 2 Cor 11: 21-33). It is not a sin to marry or to remain single. If you are married, do not end the marriage. Paul was trying to spare them from the troubles that come with marriage (1 Cor 7:28). Paul wants us to know that the time is short, so nothing should keep us from serving God. Whatever relational status we have now, make use of them without becoming too attached to them for the glory of God. Because, these are temporary and the present world is passing away (1 Cor 7:31). Paul wants us to be free from anxieties. It is natural for a married man to be concerned about the welfare of his wife and family. But an unmarried man can spend his time serving Christ with undivided devotion. Likewise, the married woman is concerned about her earthly responsibilities and how to please her husband (1 Cor 7:32-34). Paul gives this advice for our benefit and to encourage us to do our best for the Lord (1 Cor 7:35). If a man has trouble controlling his passion, he should marry and it is not a sin. One who marries does well and the one who remains single does better (1 Cor 7:38). Marriage is for life, ends only by death. A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if husband dies, she is free to marry a believer in the Lord. In Paul’s judgment she is happier if she remains single. Paul considers that he gives this advice under the Holy Spirit. God’s Word is the true source of understanding the purposes and boundaries of sexual relationship. Let us cast all our anxieties upon Christ because he cares for us (1 Pet 5:7). Pray God to give you the wisdom to live in the world for the glory of God.
(Read 1 Cor 7:1-7)
Paul addresses various issues that the Corinthians had raised in a letter to him (1 Cor 7:1). First he addresses the issue of marriage and sexuality. It is likely that there was a group within the church who argued that celibacy is desirable if not obligatory on all Christians. Paul says, such practice is good and profitable if God has given the gift to remain happily unmarried. Paul never intends to teach that marriage is morally wrong as compared with celibacy (1 Cor 7:2, 9). To avoid immorality, Paul permits these believers to marry than fall into temptation. In fact, he is encouraging married couples to be sexually active with one another (1 Cor 7:4). A couple may choose to refrain from sexual activity for a limited time so that they can devote themselves to prayer (7:5). Paul does not support the view that remaining unmarried is a sin. God gives some the gift of marriage and to others the gift of singleness
(1 Cor 7:7). Christ does not destroy sexuality but defines the boundaries for it. The marriage relationship provides sexual fulfillment and protect believers from temptations. He has saved us from sin and has given us his Spirit to live the life that pleases him. Paul says, it is better to stay unmarried just as he is
(1 Cor 7:8). Scholars suggest that since Paul was a Pharisee, he was probably married. But when he became a Christians either his wife left him or has died. Do not rush into marriage. Take time to know one another. Before marriage, test the depth of love and commitment to one another. If the other person is not a believer, don’t even consider marriage (2 Cor 6:14). Before marriage, consider your commitment to Christ. Whether you marry or remain single, learn to be content in whatever situation the Lord has placed you. God's Word gives us understanding of the purpose and boundaries of marriage.
The Permanence of Marriage:
(Read 1 Cor 7:8-16)
Here Paul gives instruction to unmarried and widows (1 Cor 7:8-9). Paul says it is better to marry than to burn with lust. God gives special gift to some to remain single and others to marry. Some Corinthians considered singleness was spiritually superior option and considered divorcing their spouses. There was a false belief that husband and wife who abstain from sexual activities are spiritual. These are misguided ideas and practices. Paul’s advice to married couples was that they should not divorce their unbelieving spouses. If a spouse decides to leave, he or she must remain single or be reconciled. The Bible does not approve divorce except on unrepentant adultery (Mat 19:3-9). If an unbelieving husband is willing to continue to live with his believing wife, she must not divorce him (1 Cor 7:13). The unbelieving spouse is made holy because of the believing spouse. It is possible that she can influence the unbelieving husband and children to the saving grace of God (1 Cor 7:14). This does not mean they automatically born into the family of God but more likely get saved. If an unbelieving spouse insists on leaving the believing spouse, he is not under bondage (1 Cor 7:15). Divine standards can’t be imposed upon unbeliever. God has called us to peace. Being spiritual does not mean, out of touch with everyday life experiences. God uses our relationships to bring about his saving purposes in family (1 Cor 7:16).
Live as You Are Called:
(Read 1 Cor 7:17-24)
Paul says that when a person gets saved he does not have to change his identity. The most significant thing about a believer is not his marital status, background or economic status. His true identity is that he belongs to Christ and he is bought with the precious blood of Jesus Christ (1 Cor 7:21-22). When we become Christians, God does not ask us to withdraw from the activities and responsibilities of everyday life. Our vertical relationship is more important than our horizontal relationship. It matters little whether he is free or slave. He has been set free from the bondage of sin to serve the living God. There is no reason why a believer cannot remain faithful to God whether he is single, widowed or married to an unbeliever. So there is no need for a Gentile convert to be circumcised or put away the unbelieving spouse. The Lord promised to give him a new purpose and desire to serve him in whatever circumstance he is placed. In whatever condition each was called, remain there to reveal Christ to others (1 Cor 7:24).
Paul’s Personal Advice:
(Read 1 Cor 7:25-40)
Paul gives his advice under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. In the present circumstance, it is good for a person to remain as Paul is (1 Cor 7:26). This advice should be understood in light of the intense persecution anticipated (1 Cor 15:30-31; 2 Cor 11: 21-33). It is not a sin to marry or to remain single. If you are married, do not end the marriage. Paul was trying to spare them from the troubles that come with marriage (1 Cor 7:28). Paul wants us to know that the time is short, so nothing should keep us from serving God. Whatever relational status we have now, make use of them without becoming too attached to them for the glory of God. Because, these are temporary and the present world is passing away (1 Cor 7:31). Paul wants us to be free from anxieties. It is natural for a married man to be concerned about the welfare of his wife and family. But an unmarried man can spend his time serving Christ with undivided devotion. Likewise, the married woman is concerned about her earthly responsibilities and how to please her husband (1 Cor 7:32-34). Paul gives this advice for our benefit and to encourage us to do our best for the Lord (1 Cor 7:35). If a man has trouble controlling his passion, he should marry and it is not a sin. One who marries does well and the one who remains single does better (1 Cor 7:38). Marriage is for life, ends only by death. A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if husband dies, she is free to marry a believer in the Lord. In Paul’s judgment she is happier if she remains single. Paul considers that he gives this advice under the Holy Spirit. God’s Word is the true source of understanding the purposes and boundaries of sexual relationship. Let us cast all our anxieties upon Christ because he cares for us (1 Pet 5:7). Pray God to give you the wisdom to live in the world for the glory of God.
Chapter 8
The Principle of Christian Liberty:
(Read 1 Cor 8:1-13)
In chapter 8-10, Paul answers the second question raised by the Corinthians. It had to do with the meat sacrificed to idols. Corinth was the center of idol worship and there were many pagan temples. Generally, one third of the animal was burned at the sacrifice, one third used for the feast by the priest and rest was taken home. The meat used at the feast also sold in the public market (1 Cor 10:25). Some believers eat this meat but others were offended by their action. So here Paul explains what Christian liberty is and how it should be practiced. Some Corinthians thought that they have the perfect knowledge and everyone should agree with them (1 Cor 8:1). Paul says "Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up". If anyone imagines that he knows something, he does not yet know as he ought to know. But if anyone loves God, he is known by God (1 Cor 8:3). Our knowledge alone will not solve the problems related to Christian liberty. In fact speculative knowledge inflates ego and make people to think they are important. If knowledge does not lead us to proper response, it is a defective knowledge. True knowledge comes from reverential trust in God and his Word.
Do all Things to Buildup others:
(Read 1 Cor 8:5-13)
Paul explains the subject of eating the meat offered to idols. He establishes the fact that idol is not really God. There is only one true God (1 Cor 8:4). In the pagan world there were many so called gods in heaven and on earth (1 Cor 8:5). But for us there is only one God, the Father who created everything. There is one Lord, Jesus Christ. All things owe their existence to Him (1 Cor 8:6). Before their conversion, Corinthians used to eat the sacrifice offered to idols. Their weak consciences are offended because of their past experience (1 Cor 8:7). We should not try to impose our ideas on others. That is legalism. Paul says we cannot win God’s approval by what we eat or do not eat. But we must be careful to avoid anything that would offend a weaker brother. They are the less matured in Christ. Matured Christians should gladly give up their rights out of love for weaker brothers. They must do everything to build up fellow believers (1 Cor 8:11). When we offend weaker brother, it is a sin against Christ (1 Cor 8:12). Paul says, “If food makes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again” (8:13). Christ gave up his own rights and privileges for our sake (Phil 2:5-8). The only way we can care about the good of others is by the transforming power of Jesus Christ and following his example.
(Read 1 Cor 8:1-13)
In chapter 8-10, Paul answers the second question raised by the Corinthians. It had to do with the meat sacrificed to idols. Corinth was the center of idol worship and there were many pagan temples. Generally, one third of the animal was burned at the sacrifice, one third used for the feast by the priest and rest was taken home. The meat used at the feast also sold in the public market (1 Cor 10:25). Some believers eat this meat but others were offended by their action. So here Paul explains what Christian liberty is and how it should be practiced. Some Corinthians thought that they have the perfect knowledge and everyone should agree with them (1 Cor 8:1). Paul says "Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up". If anyone imagines that he knows something, he does not yet know as he ought to know. But if anyone loves God, he is known by God (1 Cor 8:3). Our knowledge alone will not solve the problems related to Christian liberty. In fact speculative knowledge inflates ego and make people to think they are important. If knowledge does not lead us to proper response, it is a defective knowledge. True knowledge comes from reverential trust in God and his Word.
Do all Things to Buildup others:
(Read 1 Cor 8:5-13)
Paul explains the subject of eating the meat offered to idols. He establishes the fact that idol is not really God. There is only one true God (1 Cor 8:4). In the pagan world there were many so called gods in heaven and on earth (1 Cor 8:5). But for us there is only one God, the Father who created everything. There is one Lord, Jesus Christ. All things owe their existence to Him (1 Cor 8:6). Before their conversion, Corinthians used to eat the sacrifice offered to idols. Their weak consciences are offended because of their past experience (1 Cor 8:7). We should not try to impose our ideas on others. That is legalism. Paul says we cannot win God’s approval by what we eat or do not eat. But we must be careful to avoid anything that would offend a weaker brother. They are the less matured in Christ. Matured Christians should gladly give up their rights out of love for weaker brothers. They must do everything to build up fellow believers (1 Cor 8:11). When we offend weaker brother, it is a sin against Christ (1 Cor 8:12). Paul says, “If food makes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again” (8:13). Christ gave up his own rights and privileges for our sake (Phil 2:5-8). The only way we can care about the good of others is by the transforming power of Jesus Christ and following his example.
Chapter 9
The Christian Liberty:
(Read 1 Cor 9:1-14)
The principle of Christian liberty covers all the areas of life. Paul showed that by his example of giving up some of his rights for the good of others. Paul answers those who questioned his apostleship in this chapter. He claims that the seal of his apostolic authority is the very existence of the Corinthian church. He was an eye witness of risen Christ and was divinely commissioned to proclaim the gospel (Acts 9:1-9; Gal 1:15-16). Paul performed many miracles and many churches were established. They validate his apostleship (2 Cor 12:12). He had the right to marry like Peter and James, Christ’s half brother. This shows Peter was married. Mary had other children (Mark 1:30; 3:31). Paul chose to remain single to serve Christ. Paul asks, is it only I and Barnabas have to work to support ourselves? They had the right to receive support from the church for their ministry. It is consistent with the natural law, Mosaic Law and as well as by the temple law (Deuteronomy 25:4; 1 Tim 5:18; Leviticus 7:6-10). Paul compares himself to a soldier, a farmer and a shepherd. No soldier has to pay his own expenses. The farmer has the right to eat from his own crops. The shepherds are allowed to drink the milk of the flock. Paul served Christ as a good soldier, by sowing the seed of the Word of God and by shepherding Christians. Jesus said “A worker deserves his food” (Mat 10:10). Paul was willing to give up his right in order not to hinder the gospel of Jesus Christ. Paul concludes by saying that “Those who preach the gospel should live by the gospel” (1 Cor 9:14). Some people support God’s servant because of sympathy. It is not pleasing to God and they will miss the blessing. Paul placed his security and confidence in the faithfulness of God. If we put our confidence in men, we will be disappointed. God is able supply all our needs.
The Example of Paul’s Ministry:
(Read 1 Cor 9:15-18)
The love for Christ drove Paul to give up his right so that he could help others. He wanted others to understand that gospel is God’s free gift. Paul worked to support himself. The only church supported him was the church of Philippi. Paul preferred to preach the gospel without charge (1 Cor 9:18). Paul had no ground for boasting because he was compelled by the love of Christ to preach the gospel. He says, “Woe is me if I don’t preach the gospel” (1 Cor 9:16). God's servants deserve remuneration. Paul was obligated to preach the gospel because he was given the stewardship of it (4:2; Rom 1:14). Stewards are slaves doing the works assigned to them. They receive no pay. Christians are entrusted with the gospel. Gospel is the divinely revealed objective truth that is no-negotiable. Truth is unchanging. The gospel is the truth about the person and the work of Jesus Christ (John 14:6). Jesus Christ is the very substance of the gospel. From Genesis to Revelation, the scriptures testify of Jesus Christ (John 5:39). Paul found joy and satisfaction in the preaching the gospel. That was his reward. The source of Paul’s selfless service was the transforming power of love of Christ. Only when we are gripped by Christ’s love, we will have the passion to preach the gospel. Then our personal comforts and rights will fade away. Pray that God would fill us with passion for the souls and fill us with his power to witness Christ.
Paul’s Desire and Goal:
(Read 1 Cor 9:19-27)
In the context of Christian liberty, Paul was free yet he made himself a servant to all (9:19). He had many rights but he lived as though he had none. His foremost interest was to preach the gospel and win souls to Jesus Christ. For the sake of the gospel Paul became all things to all people (1 Cor 9:22). He was willing to adopt many customs and cultural practices to share the gospel with as many people as possible. That does not mean Paul was compromising truth or condoning sinful practices in order to win souls. Paul practiced what he preached. Paul draws a familiar athletic event known to Corinthians readers to explain his goal. Paul compares himself to a runner and boxer. Athletes run to win the prize. It requires sustained and intense training. They practice strict self-control and diet. They are not free to do as they please but have to obey the rules of the games to win the prize. They do all these things to win a crown that fade away (1 Cor 9:25). But Christians engage in the race to win the imperishable crown. Paul says, “I do not run aimlessly and do not box as one beating the air” (1 Cor 9:26). Paul pressed towards the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus (Phil 3:14). God is not unjust to overlook our faithful service (Heb 6:10). There are five crowns promised for faithful service: the imperishable crown (1 Cor 9:25), the crown of rejoicing (1 Thess 2:19), the crown of righteousness (2 Tim 4:8), the crown of life (James 1:120) and the crown of glory (1 Pet 5:4). Paul disciplined his body and kept it under control so that he might not be disqualified in the race (1 Cor 9:27). It does not suggest that Paul could lose his salvation. Christ gives us power and motivation to complete the race he has called us for.
(Read 1 Cor 9:1-14)
The principle of Christian liberty covers all the areas of life. Paul showed that by his example of giving up some of his rights for the good of others. Paul answers those who questioned his apostleship in this chapter. He claims that the seal of his apostolic authority is the very existence of the Corinthian church. He was an eye witness of risen Christ and was divinely commissioned to proclaim the gospel (Acts 9:1-9; Gal 1:15-16). Paul performed many miracles and many churches were established. They validate his apostleship (2 Cor 12:12). He had the right to marry like Peter and James, Christ’s half brother. This shows Peter was married. Mary had other children (Mark 1:30; 3:31). Paul chose to remain single to serve Christ. Paul asks, is it only I and Barnabas have to work to support ourselves? They had the right to receive support from the church for their ministry. It is consistent with the natural law, Mosaic Law and as well as by the temple law (Deuteronomy 25:4; 1 Tim 5:18; Leviticus 7:6-10). Paul compares himself to a soldier, a farmer and a shepherd. No soldier has to pay his own expenses. The farmer has the right to eat from his own crops. The shepherds are allowed to drink the milk of the flock. Paul served Christ as a good soldier, by sowing the seed of the Word of God and by shepherding Christians. Jesus said “A worker deserves his food” (Mat 10:10). Paul was willing to give up his right in order not to hinder the gospel of Jesus Christ. Paul concludes by saying that “Those who preach the gospel should live by the gospel” (1 Cor 9:14). Some people support God’s servant because of sympathy. It is not pleasing to God and they will miss the blessing. Paul placed his security and confidence in the faithfulness of God. If we put our confidence in men, we will be disappointed. God is able supply all our needs.
The Example of Paul’s Ministry:
(Read 1 Cor 9:15-18)
The love for Christ drove Paul to give up his right so that he could help others. He wanted others to understand that gospel is God’s free gift. Paul worked to support himself. The only church supported him was the church of Philippi. Paul preferred to preach the gospel without charge (1 Cor 9:18). Paul had no ground for boasting because he was compelled by the love of Christ to preach the gospel. He says, “Woe is me if I don’t preach the gospel” (1 Cor 9:16). God's servants deserve remuneration. Paul was obligated to preach the gospel because he was given the stewardship of it (4:2; Rom 1:14). Stewards are slaves doing the works assigned to them. They receive no pay. Christians are entrusted with the gospel. Gospel is the divinely revealed objective truth that is no-negotiable. Truth is unchanging. The gospel is the truth about the person and the work of Jesus Christ (John 14:6). Jesus Christ is the very substance of the gospel. From Genesis to Revelation, the scriptures testify of Jesus Christ (John 5:39). Paul found joy and satisfaction in the preaching the gospel. That was his reward. The source of Paul’s selfless service was the transforming power of love of Christ. Only when we are gripped by Christ’s love, we will have the passion to preach the gospel. Then our personal comforts and rights will fade away. Pray that God would fill us with passion for the souls and fill us with his power to witness Christ.
Paul’s Desire and Goal:
(Read 1 Cor 9:19-27)
In the context of Christian liberty, Paul was free yet he made himself a servant to all (9:19). He had many rights but he lived as though he had none. His foremost interest was to preach the gospel and win souls to Jesus Christ. For the sake of the gospel Paul became all things to all people (1 Cor 9:22). He was willing to adopt many customs and cultural practices to share the gospel with as many people as possible. That does not mean Paul was compromising truth or condoning sinful practices in order to win souls. Paul practiced what he preached. Paul draws a familiar athletic event known to Corinthians readers to explain his goal. Paul compares himself to a runner and boxer. Athletes run to win the prize. It requires sustained and intense training. They practice strict self-control and diet. They are not free to do as they please but have to obey the rules of the games to win the prize. They do all these things to win a crown that fade away (1 Cor 9:25). But Christians engage in the race to win the imperishable crown. Paul says, “I do not run aimlessly and do not box as one beating the air” (1 Cor 9:26). Paul pressed towards the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus (Phil 3:14). God is not unjust to overlook our faithful service (Heb 6:10). There are five crowns promised for faithful service: the imperishable crown (1 Cor 9:25), the crown of rejoicing (1 Thess 2:19), the crown of righteousness (2 Tim 4:8), the crown of life (James 1:120) and the crown of glory (1 Pet 5:4). Paul disciplined his body and kept it under control so that he might not be disqualified in the race (1 Cor 9:27). It does not suggest that Paul could lose his salvation. Christ gives us power and motivation to complete the race he has called us for.
Chapter 10
Warning against Idolatry:
(Read 1 Cor 10:1-11)
Paul concludes the discussion on Christian liberty by drawing our attention to what happened to Israel in the wilderness. Israel enjoyed great privileges from God yet they became disobedient to him. They were under the cloud and received divine guidance and protection (Num 9:15, 23; 14:15). They passed through the red sea. This speaks of divine deliverance (Ex 14:15-22). They were all baptized unto Moses and under the leadership of God's appointed leader. They ate the same spiritual food, Manna (1 Cor 10:3). This speaks of divine provision. They all drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them. That Rock is Christ (1 Cor 10:4). It is a type of Christ’s provision for believers. In spite of all these privileges, they disobeyed God. God was not pleased with most of Israel and he destroyed them in the wilderness (1 Cor 10:5; Num 14:29). Only Joshua and Caleb entered the promise land. These things took place as examples to warn us against misusing divine privileges for selfish purposes. Because of Israel’s disobedience, God struck them with plague (Num 11). They substituted graven images for God (Ex 32). Their idolatrous practices led them to sensual amusement. They committed fornication and in one day 24,000 people died (Num 25:9). They took their privileges for granted and tempted God (Num 21:4-9). They failed to understand that privileges do not guarantee spiritual success. The reason these things are recorded is to warn the Christians. Paul considers the second coming of Christ when he penned these lines. God is willing to restore them but they must repent and return to him for forgiveness.
Flee Idolatry:
(Read 1 Cor 10:12-20)
Nobody can exercise Christian liberty at the expense of a weaker brother. “Therefore, let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall" (1 Cor 10:12). Nobody is above temptations. Satan tempts us to sin but God tests us to strengthen our faith. Someone has said “You can’t keep a bird from flying over your head but you can prevent it from building a nest in your hair”. Lord never tempts us with evil but allows trials to purify us. When we face temptations, we are exhorted to flee from evil and pursue the good things (2 Tim 2:22). We should resist Satan by putting the whole armor of God. Then only we are able to stand against the wiles of the devil (1 Pet 5:8-9; Ephesians 6:10-11). We should hide God’s Word in our hearts so that we might not sin against God (Psalms 119:11). God judged Israel for their disobedience in the wilderness. This does not mean we will lose our salvation. No matter what temptation we face, God is faithful to provide the way of escape. Jesus understands what it is like to be tempted (Mat 4:5-11). Christ can sympathize with our weaknesses and helps us in times of need (Heb 4:15). His grace and mercy will strength us in our trials (2 Cor 12:9). Paul warns us that we should not abuse our Christian liberty. Paul exhorts Corinthians to flee from idolatry (1 Cor 10:14). Someone has said "What we prioritize is idolized, what we idolize we worship".
The Lord’s Table:
(Read 1 Cor 10:21-22)
Paul wants the Corinthians to understand the meaning and purpose of the table of the Lord. The Lord’s Table is a metaphor used here to describe the blessings come Christ. We have been blessed with all spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ (Ephesians 1:3). It is not same as the Lord's Supper. Table is the furniture where food is served and fellowship is enjoyed. In the Lord’s Supper believers share the blessings of Christ’s saving work on Calvary. Those who participate in the bread and the cup, proclaim the communion they have with one another in Christ. They all partake from one bread, showing that they are one body (1 Cor 10:17). In the Old Testament worship there was mutual sharing of sacrifice (Leviticus 7:15). The Gentiles offered their sacrifices to devil. In the love feast, the Corinthians used the meat offered to idols. This made them participating in the communion with demons. Paul does not want them to participate in the meet offered to demons (1 Cor 10:20). They cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons at the same time. The Christian liberty does not permit believers to serve God and Satan at the same time as the Israel did in the wilderness (1 Cor 10:22). This provoked God’s jealousy toward Israel.
Do all things to the Glory of God:
(Read 1 Cor 10:23-33)
Paul now gives advice about whether or not to eat the meat sold in the market. “All things are lawful but not everything is beneficial” (1 Cor 10:23). All things do not promote spiritual growth. In Christ, our goal is not simply doing what is lawful but what is helpful to others. Paul sought the good of others (1 Cor 6:12). Paul says “Be imitators of me as I am of Christ” (1 Cor 11:1). Christ gave up his rights to save us. His followers must give up their rights to serve others. In the pagan sacrifice only a portion of the victim was consumed, the rest was given to the priest or sold in the market. Paul says “We may eat the meat that is sold in the marketplace without any question for conscious sake”. Because “The earth is the Lord’s and everything in it” (Psalms 24:1). If you have been invited to a feast by an unbeliever, you may eat whatever is offered without raising any question on the ground of conscience. But suppose someone warns you that this meat has been offered to idols, don’t eat it for the sake of the one who informed you and for the sake of his conscience (1 Cor 10:28). Paul asks “If I partake with thankfulness, why I should be limited and condemned for eating with thanksgiving"? Paul says because we are called to give up our personal right for the benefit of weaker brothers. We should do everything for the glory of God (1 Cor 10:31). We should not offend the weaker brethren in the church (1 Cor 10:32). The Christian liberty is abused when we don’t honor God by our actions (Col 3:17). The glory of God is the primary Goal of our salvation. Let us follow the example of Christ and Apostle Paul.
(Read 1 Cor 10:1-11)
Paul concludes the discussion on Christian liberty by drawing our attention to what happened to Israel in the wilderness. Israel enjoyed great privileges from God yet they became disobedient to him. They were under the cloud and received divine guidance and protection (Num 9:15, 23; 14:15). They passed through the red sea. This speaks of divine deliverance (Ex 14:15-22). They were all baptized unto Moses and under the leadership of God's appointed leader. They ate the same spiritual food, Manna (1 Cor 10:3). This speaks of divine provision. They all drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them. That Rock is Christ (1 Cor 10:4). It is a type of Christ’s provision for believers. In spite of all these privileges, they disobeyed God. God was not pleased with most of Israel and he destroyed them in the wilderness (1 Cor 10:5; Num 14:29). Only Joshua and Caleb entered the promise land. These things took place as examples to warn us against misusing divine privileges for selfish purposes. Because of Israel’s disobedience, God struck them with plague (Num 11). They substituted graven images for God (Ex 32). Their idolatrous practices led them to sensual amusement. They committed fornication and in one day 24,000 people died (Num 25:9). They took their privileges for granted and tempted God (Num 21:4-9). They failed to understand that privileges do not guarantee spiritual success. The reason these things are recorded is to warn the Christians. Paul considers the second coming of Christ when he penned these lines. God is willing to restore them but they must repent and return to him for forgiveness.
Flee Idolatry:
(Read 1 Cor 10:12-20)
Nobody can exercise Christian liberty at the expense of a weaker brother. “Therefore, let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall" (1 Cor 10:12). Nobody is above temptations. Satan tempts us to sin but God tests us to strengthen our faith. Someone has said “You can’t keep a bird from flying over your head but you can prevent it from building a nest in your hair”. Lord never tempts us with evil but allows trials to purify us. When we face temptations, we are exhorted to flee from evil and pursue the good things (2 Tim 2:22). We should resist Satan by putting the whole armor of God. Then only we are able to stand against the wiles of the devil (1 Pet 5:8-9; Ephesians 6:10-11). We should hide God’s Word in our hearts so that we might not sin against God (Psalms 119:11). God judged Israel for their disobedience in the wilderness. This does not mean we will lose our salvation. No matter what temptation we face, God is faithful to provide the way of escape. Jesus understands what it is like to be tempted (Mat 4:5-11). Christ can sympathize with our weaknesses and helps us in times of need (Heb 4:15). His grace and mercy will strength us in our trials (2 Cor 12:9). Paul warns us that we should not abuse our Christian liberty. Paul exhorts Corinthians to flee from idolatry (1 Cor 10:14). Someone has said "What we prioritize is idolized, what we idolize we worship".
The Lord’s Table:
(Read 1 Cor 10:21-22)
Paul wants the Corinthians to understand the meaning and purpose of the table of the Lord. The Lord’s Table is a metaphor used here to describe the blessings come Christ. We have been blessed with all spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ (Ephesians 1:3). It is not same as the Lord's Supper. Table is the furniture where food is served and fellowship is enjoyed. In the Lord’s Supper believers share the blessings of Christ’s saving work on Calvary. Those who participate in the bread and the cup, proclaim the communion they have with one another in Christ. They all partake from one bread, showing that they are one body (1 Cor 10:17). In the Old Testament worship there was mutual sharing of sacrifice (Leviticus 7:15). The Gentiles offered their sacrifices to devil. In the love feast, the Corinthians used the meat offered to idols. This made them participating in the communion with demons. Paul does not want them to participate in the meet offered to demons (1 Cor 10:20). They cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons at the same time. The Christian liberty does not permit believers to serve God and Satan at the same time as the Israel did in the wilderness (1 Cor 10:22). This provoked God’s jealousy toward Israel.
Do all things to the Glory of God:
(Read 1 Cor 10:23-33)
Paul now gives advice about whether or not to eat the meat sold in the market. “All things are lawful but not everything is beneficial” (1 Cor 10:23). All things do not promote spiritual growth. In Christ, our goal is not simply doing what is lawful but what is helpful to others. Paul sought the good of others (1 Cor 6:12). Paul says “Be imitators of me as I am of Christ” (1 Cor 11:1). Christ gave up his rights to save us. His followers must give up their rights to serve others. In the pagan sacrifice only a portion of the victim was consumed, the rest was given to the priest or sold in the market. Paul says “We may eat the meat that is sold in the marketplace without any question for conscious sake”. Because “The earth is the Lord’s and everything in it” (Psalms 24:1). If you have been invited to a feast by an unbeliever, you may eat whatever is offered without raising any question on the ground of conscience. But suppose someone warns you that this meat has been offered to idols, don’t eat it for the sake of the one who informed you and for the sake of his conscience (1 Cor 10:28). Paul asks “If I partake with thankfulness, why I should be limited and condemned for eating with thanksgiving"? Paul says because we are called to give up our personal right for the benefit of weaker brothers. We should do everything for the glory of God (1 Cor 10:31). We should not offend the weaker brethren in the church (1 Cor 10:32). The Christian liberty is abused when we don’t honor God by our actions (Col 3:17). The glory of God is the primary Goal of our salvation. Let us follow the example of Christ and Apostle Paul.
Chapter 11
The significance of Head Covering:
(Read 1 Cor 11:1-6)
Jesus Christ is the ultimate example of Christian liberty. Paul followed Christ’s example in his ministry. So, Paul encourages Corinthians to imitate him as he is imitating Christ (1 Cor 11:1). The Christian life is not controlled by legalism but by Christ. In Chapter 11, Paul addresses several problems related to worship. First he explains the principle of headship. In the Corinthian church women were dishonoring their husband by praying and prophesying without wearing head coverings (1 Cor 11:5). The head covering in the public worship was a symbolism of submission to God ordained authority (1 Cor 11:4-7). Women who rejects this symbolism are openly disgracing themselves and dishonoring their husbands
(1 Cor 11:3-5). Paul attempts to correct this problem by pointing to the relationship between Christ and the Father. Christ gladly honors the Father and accepts his authoritative role in the redemptive work of mankind (1 Cor 11:3). In the same way, the marriage relationship reflects authoritative role between man and woman (1 Cor 11:3-6; Ephesians 5:22-24). The head of every man is Christ, the head of the woman is the man and the head of Christ is God (1 Cor 11:3). The headship does not speak of quality but of order. The Father and the Son are co-equal, yet the Son is obedient to the Father (John 6:38-40; 10:29-30). In Christ men and women are equal when it comes to salvation but they have different role in the church and family. This order we see in creation, government, family and the church. Christ is the head of the church (Col 1:18). Therefore man and woman should be submissive to Christ. Paul says “It is shameful for a woman not to cover her head in the church” (1 Cor 11:6). The wife should respect her husband's authority over her as the Son honors the Father. When we embrace the clear instruction given on manhood and womanhood, God will be honored in our churches.
Is the Head covering Scriptural?
(Read 1 Cor 11:7-16)
Having established the principle of headship, Paul validates it from the scripture and from Nature (1 Cor 11:7-16). Man was created in the image of God to reflect God's glory (Gen 1:26-27). The order of creation shows that woman was made for man. She is the glory of man. Man should not cover his head, since he is the image of the glory of God. So, in the church man should not cover his head since he is the image bearer of God’s glory (1 Cor 11:7). The women should cover their heads as a sign of authority on her head because the angels are watching (1 Cor 11:10). The principle of submission is supported by the order of creation (1 Cor 11:12). The principle of mutual dependency is supported by the order of procreation (Gen 4:1). By nature women have long hair and it is a glory to her. It has given to her as a covering by nature. When she covers her head, she reflects her voluntary submission to the Lord who created her and established the order of authority. To go against this principle is to go against the standard that is ordained by God. It is important that our conduct in worship should reflect the character of divine order. Pray that God may help us to embrace these principles so that Christ will be honored in our gatherings.
The Conduct at the Lord’s Supper:
(Read 1 Cor 11:17-22)
While observing the Lord’s Supper, the poor were neglected and humiliated during the Lord's Table
(1 Cor 11:22). In the early church the Lord's Supper was preceded by fellowship meal at the Lord's Table. It was a sign of communion among believers. Neglecting the poor believers in the meal was a sin. This reveals the carnality and division among them. There was party spirit between the rich and the poor. Paul says "There must be division among believers in order that those who are right among them may be recognized". It is better to separate than continue in disagreement. Abraham separated from Lot. Because of sharp disagreement, Paul and Barnabas separated from each other (Acts 15:39). Paul will not allow carnality to continue in the church. There was disorderly conduct during the Lord’s Supper. The love feast became a feast without love. Thus, they disgraced the Lord’s name in the church (1 Cor 11:20-22). Paul did not want this carnality to continue in the church. He says “Don’t you have your own homes for eating and drinking? (1 Cor 11:21). Sometime division occurs in the church due to misunderstanding but the God of grace can overrule it for his glory.
The Institution of the Lord’s Supper:
(Read 1 Cor 11:23-26)
Paul gives instruction about how Lord's Supper should be observed. Paul traces his authority to the Lord himself and takes us back to the upper room where it was first instituted (1 Cor 11:23; Matt 26:26-28). He wants us to think about Calvary and what Jesus said about its significance. In the Lord’s Supper, believers remember Jesus who secured their forgiveness by his death on the cross. He shed his precious blood for the remission of our sins. Christ is memorialized at the Lord's Supper as the Lamb of God. There are many misunderstandings about the Lord’s Supper among Christians. The Roman Catholic doctrine teaches that the bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ when consecrated by the priest during mass. This is called transubstantiation. Others teach consubstantiation and believe that the bread and wine convey special grace by Christ presence in them. But this is only a memorial service. On the night when Jesus was brayed, he took the bread and gave thanks. He broke it and said “This is my body which is broken for you. Do this in remembrance of Me” (1 Cor 11:24). In the same way he took the cup, after the supper saying “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. As often as you drink it, do this in remembrance of me. For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes” (1 Cor 11:24-26). They do not literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ as some think. Figuratively they speak of the incarnated body and blood of Jesus. They do not convey any special grace as some think. It is a picture of the eternal redemption Christ brought for us on the cross (Heb 9:12-15; Matt 26:28). Like the Passover celebration of Israel, Christians ought to celebrate Lord’s Supper, remembering the great redemption Christ bought for them on the cross (Ephesians 1:7; 1 Pet 1:18-19). In the early church the Lord’s Supper was celebrated on the first day of the week (Acts 20:7).
Do it in Remembrance of Christ:
(Read 1 Cor 11:27-34)
In the Lord’s Supper, we remember Christ’s great love for us (Rom 5:8). There is no love like the love of our dying Savior (Gal 2:20). Also we proclaim that only through His sustaining power and grace we are able to live for God. We look backward and recall our Lord’s accomplishment for us on the cross. We also look inward and examine whether we live a life that pleases God. Also we forward and anticipate Christ’s glorious return. Those who irreverently and carelessly observe the Lord’s Supper will be judged. Our identity with Christ made us worthy to partake from the Lord’s Supper. Paul warns that we should not partake from it in an unworthy manner. This is defined in verse 29. Unworthiness speaks of our dishonoring conduct at the Lord’s Table. Such people are guilty of despising the body and blood of our Lord (1 Cor 11:27; Heb 9:26). Before one partakes of the Lord’s Supper, he must make sure that he is saved and walking with Lord. Repentance and confession of sin are essential prerequisite for fellowship with God (1 John 1:9). Partaking of Lord’s Supper with wrong attitude invites judgment upon us. Because of that some become physically weak and sick (1 Cor 11:30). Some have died. If we judge ourselves, we will not be disciplined by God. (1 Cor 11:32). God disciplines His own children (Heb 12:6). The purpose of discipline is not to condemn but to restore us.
Is your Worship Acceptable to God?
The worship is universal. There are acceptable worships and unacceptable worships. God was not pleased with the worship of Cain (Gen 4:5). By Faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain (Heb 11:4). We worship God not because there is something deficient in the all sufficient God but He deserves our worship. God does seek our Worship. It is the out flow of our heart (John 4:23). There are many vain worshipers (Mat 15:9). They worship God with their lips while their heart is far from Him. Some are ignorant worshipers (Acts 17:23). They worship whom they do not know. Religious worshipers promote human wisdom and traditions in their worship (Col 2:21-23). Some worship God by not giving him the honor and respect He deserves (Malachi 1:6-7). Worship is costly (2 Sam 24:24). God is looking for true worshipers (John 4:24). They worship God in spirit and truth. The worship in spirit happens when hearts are directed by the Holy Spirit. To worship God in truth means to worship sincerely with personal knowledge and understanding of God. We worship God by presenting and consecrating ourselves to God (Rom 12:1). Also we worship by offering the sacrifice of praise which is the fruit of our lips (Heb 13:15). Doing good and helping others in their needs is an act of worship (Heb 13:16). Our giving to Lord's work is a fragrant and acceptable worship to God (Phil 4:18). Even our death could become an act of worship (Luke 23:46; Acts 7:59; 2 Tim 4:6). Paul concludes the discussion with a practical exhortation. "If you are really hungry, eat at home. But when you come to Lord’s Supper, wait for each other" (1 Cor 11:33). When we remember Christ through the Lord's Supper, we remember his great act of love and proclaim that we need his strength until he returns. Paul assures Corinthians that he will deal with other matters when he visits them (1 Cor 11:34).
(Read 1 Cor 11:1-6)
Jesus Christ is the ultimate example of Christian liberty. Paul followed Christ’s example in his ministry. So, Paul encourages Corinthians to imitate him as he is imitating Christ (1 Cor 11:1). The Christian life is not controlled by legalism but by Christ. In Chapter 11, Paul addresses several problems related to worship. First he explains the principle of headship. In the Corinthian church women were dishonoring their husband by praying and prophesying without wearing head coverings (1 Cor 11:5). The head covering in the public worship was a symbolism of submission to God ordained authority (1 Cor 11:4-7). Women who rejects this symbolism are openly disgracing themselves and dishonoring their husbands
(1 Cor 11:3-5). Paul attempts to correct this problem by pointing to the relationship between Christ and the Father. Christ gladly honors the Father and accepts his authoritative role in the redemptive work of mankind (1 Cor 11:3). In the same way, the marriage relationship reflects authoritative role between man and woman (1 Cor 11:3-6; Ephesians 5:22-24). The head of every man is Christ, the head of the woman is the man and the head of Christ is God (1 Cor 11:3). The headship does not speak of quality but of order. The Father and the Son are co-equal, yet the Son is obedient to the Father (John 6:38-40; 10:29-30). In Christ men and women are equal when it comes to salvation but they have different role in the church and family. This order we see in creation, government, family and the church. Christ is the head of the church (Col 1:18). Therefore man and woman should be submissive to Christ. Paul says “It is shameful for a woman not to cover her head in the church” (1 Cor 11:6). The wife should respect her husband's authority over her as the Son honors the Father. When we embrace the clear instruction given on manhood and womanhood, God will be honored in our churches.
Is the Head covering Scriptural?
(Read 1 Cor 11:7-16)
Having established the principle of headship, Paul validates it from the scripture and from Nature (1 Cor 11:7-16). Man was created in the image of God to reflect God's glory (Gen 1:26-27). The order of creation shows that woman was made for man. She is the glory of man. Man should not cover his head, since he is the image of the glory of God. So, in the church man should not cover his head since he is the image bearer of God’s glory (1 Cor 11:7). The women should cover their heads as a sign of authority on her head because the angels are watching (1 Cor 11:10). The principle of submission is supported by the order of creation (1 Cor 11:12). The principle of mutual dependency is supported by the order of procreation (Gen 4:1). By nature women have long hair and it is a glory to her. It has given to her as a covering by nature. When she covers her head, she reflects her voluntary submission to the Lord who created her and established the order of authority. To go against this principle is to go against the standard that is ordained by God. It is important that our conduct in worship should reflect the character of divine order. Pray that God may help us to embrace these principles so that Christ will be honored in our gatherings.
The Conduct at the Lord’s Supper:
(Read 1 Cor 11:17-22)
While observing the Lord’s Supper, the poor were neglected and humiliated during the Lord's Table
(1 Cor 11:22). In the early church the Lord's Supper was preceded by fellowship meal at the Lord's Table. It was a sign of communion among believers. Neglecting the poor believers in the meal was a sin. This reveals the carnality and division among them. There was party spirit between the rich and the poor. Paul says "There must be division among believers in order that those who are right among them may be recognized". It is better to separate than continue in disagreement. Abraham separated from Lot. Because of sharp disagreement, Paul and Barnabas separated from each other (Acts 15:39). Paul will not allow carnality to continue in the church. There was disorderly conduct during the Lord’s Supper. The love feast became a feast without love. Thus, they disgraced the Lord’s name in the church (1 Cor 11:20-22). Paul did not want this carnality to continue in the church. He says “Don’t you have your own homes for eating and drinking? (1 Cor 11:21). Sometime division occurs in the church due to misunderstanding but the God of grace can overrule it for his glory.
The Institution of the Lord’s Supper:
(Read 1 Cor 11:23-26)
Paul gives instruction about how Lord's Supper should be observed. Paul traces his authority to the Lord himself and takes us back to the upper room where it was first instituted (1 Cor 11:23; Matt 26:26-28). He wants us to think about Calvary and what Jesus said about its significance. In the Lord’s Supper, believers remember Jesus who secured their forgiveness by his death on the cross. He shed his precious blood for the remission of our sins. Christ is memorialized at the Lord's Supper as the Lamb of God. There are many misunderstandings about the Lord’s Supper among Christians. The Roman Catholic doctrine teaches that the bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ when consecrated by the priest during mass. This is called transubstantiation. Others teach consubstantiation and believe that the bread and wine convey special grace by Christ presence in them. But this is only a memorial service. On the night when Jesus was brayed, he took the bread and gave thanks. He broke it and said “This is my body which is broken for you. Do this in remembrance of Me” (1 Cor 11:24). In the same way he took the cup, after the supper saying “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. As often as you drink it, do this in remembrance of me. For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes” (1 Cor 11:24-26). They do not literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ as some think. Figuratively they speak of the incarnated body and blood of Jesus. They do not convey any special grace as some think. It is a picture of the eternal redemption Christ brought for us on the cross (Heb 9:12-15; Matt 26:28). Like the Passover celebration of Israel, Christians ought to celebrate Lord’s Supper, remembering the great redemption Christ bought for them on the cross (Ephesians 1:7; 1 Pet 1:18-19). In the early church the Lord’s Supper was celebrated on the first day of the week (Acts 20:7).
Do it in Remembrance of Christ:
(Read 1 Cor 11:27-34)
In the Lord’s Supper, we remember Christ’s great love for us (Rom 5:8). There is no love like the love of our dying Savior (Gal 2:20). Also we proclaim that only through His sustaining power and grace we are able to live for God. We look backward and recall our Lord’s accomplishment for us on the cross. We also look inward and examine whether we live a life that pleases God. Also we forward and anticipate Christ’s glorious return. Those who irreverently and carelessly observe the Lord’s Supper will be judged. Our identity with Christ made us worthy to partake from the Lord’s Supper. Paul warns that we should not partake from it in an unworthy manner. This is defined in verse 29. Unworthiness speaks of our dishonoring conduct at the Lord’s Table. Such people are guilty of despising the body and blood of our Lord (1 Cor 11:27; Heb 9:26). Before one partakes of the Lord’s Supper, he must make sure that he is saved and walking with Lord. Repentance and confession of sin are essential prerequisite for fellowship with God (1 John 1:9). Partaking of Lord’s Supper with wrong attitude invites judgment upon us. Because of that some become physically weak and sick (1 Cor 11:30). Some have died. If we judge ourselves, we will not be disciplined by God. (1 Cor 11:32). God disciplines His own children (Heb 12:6). The purpose of discipline is not to condemn but to restore us.
Is your Worship Acceptable to God?
The worship is universal. There are acceptable worships and unacceptable worships. God was not pleased with the worship of Cain (Gen 4:5). By Faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain (Heb 11:4). We worship God not because there is something deficient in the all sufficient God but He deserves our worship. God does seek our Worship. It is the out flow of our heart (John 4:23). There are many vain worshipers (Mat 15:9). They worship God with their lips while their heart is far from Him. Some are ignorant worshipers (Acts 17:23). They worship whom they do not know. Religious worshipers promote human wisdom and traditions in their worship (Col 2:21-23). Some worship God by not giving him the honor and respect He deserves (Malachi 1:6-7). Worship is costly (2 Sam 24:24). God is looking for true worshipers (John 4:24). They worship God in spirit and truth. The worship in spirit happens when hearts are directed by the Holy Spirit. To worship God in truth means to worship sincerely with personal knowledge and understanding of God. We worship God by presenting and consecrating ourselves to God (Rom 12:1). Also we worship by offering the sacrifice of praise which is the fruit of our lips (Heb 13:15). Doing good and helping others in their needs is an act of worship (Heb 13:16). Our giving to Lord's work is a fragrant and acceptable worship to God (Phil 4:18). Even our death could become an act of worship (Luke 23:46; Acts 7:59; 2 Tim 4:6). Paul concludes the discussion with a practical exhortation. "If you are really hungry, eat at home. But when you come to Lord’s Supper, wait for each other" (1 Cor 11:33). When we remember Christ through the Lord's Supper, we remember his great act of love and proclaim that we need his strength until he returns. Paul assures Corinthians that he will deal with other matters when he visits them (1 Cor 11:34).
Chapter 12
Spiritual Gifts:
(Read 1 Cor 12:1-7)
Paul now gives advice concerning the use of spiritual gifts in the church. Scholars agree that this is the most difficult section of 1 Corinthians to interpret. The Corinthians thought they knew much about the Holy Spirit because no other church was enriched with spiritual gifts like this church (1 Cor 1:4-5). Paul wanted them to know that they have a distorted view of what it means to be spiritually mature. The next three chapters reveal their misunderstanding of spiritual gifts and their use in the church. Paul begins by saying how wonderfully they got saved. Once they were idol worshipers and attracted to the pagan exercise of “tongues”. Paul says, “No one speaking by the Spirit of God ever says “Jesus is cursed”. Also, only by the transforming work of the Holy Spirit, one can confess that Jesus is Lord (1 Cor 12:3). The mark of Spirit controlled persons is that they see Christ as the glorious Lord and Savior. There are different kinds of gifts and different ways God works. But the Holy Spirit is the source. They are given to each one of us for the edification of the church. The purpose of gift is to help the entire church (1 Cor12:7). Gifts are given to minister to one another so that God may be glorified (1 Pet 4:10-11). Also gifts are given to equip believers for the ministry and for the building up the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:12-13). When we do not exercise the gifts, we quench and despise the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:19-20).
The Distribution of Gifts:
(Read 1 Cor 12:8-11)
The Holy Spirit gives gifts to believers to help the church to grow into spiritual maturity. To one is given the utterance of wisdom. This is the ability to give wise advice (1 Cor 12:8). To another believer is given the gift of special knowledge. Wisdom promotes sound knowledge that leads to godly living. To another faith. This is not the saving faith but the serving faith. To another the gift of healing and to another the ability to prophecy. Prophecy is the special revelation from God. The New Testament writing comes under this gift. The sign gifts are temporary and no longer needed since the canon of the New Testament is completed (Ephesians 2:20). To another the gift of discerning. It is ability to know whether it is from the Spirit of God or some other spirit is at work (1 John 4:1). To another the gift of tongues, to another the gift of the interpretation of tongues (1 Cor 14:7-13). In the book of Acts, speaking in tongues referred to the gift of speaking in the known languages (Acts 2:4; 10:46; 19:6). It is the Holy Spirit who distributes these gifts and decides which gift each person should have. The gifts are not given to prove ones spiritual status or merits (1 Cor 12:11). Paul continues to explain how gifts should be used in the next two chapters.
Unity and Diversity in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 12: 12-13)
Throughout 1 Corinthians 12 we find the theme of unity-in-diversity. Here the church is viewed as a body or organism. Like a human body, church reflects both unity and diversity. Christ is the head of the church and believers are the members of the body of Christ. Church is provided with variety of gifts to function as one body with many parts for the common good. So this should not be the source of envy and rivalry in the church. The believers have been baptized into Christ’s body by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 12:13). This is not the water baptism but the Spirit baptism. This was the fulfillment of Matthew 3:11; John 1:33 and Acts 1:5). It occurs at the moment of conversion (Acts 2:47). The believer does not tarry or pray for Spirit Baptism. It is not repeated in the Christian life. Paul assumes that the Corinthians believers are already baptized by the Holy Spirit. It is like how Christ’s death benefits all who believe when they get saved. The blessings of Spirit baptism are available to all believers. All believers are baptized by the Holy Spirit into the body of Christ. The speaking in tongues is not the proof of Spirit baptism (1 Cor 12:13, 30). The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God (Rom 8:16).
All Spiritual Gifts are important:
(Read 1 Cor 12:14-31)
God has provided a variety of gifts in the church to function as one body with many parts. When these gifts are used as God intended, they serve for the common good of the church. No gift is better than another gift. Even though some gifts may not seem as visible as others, each gift has a special place within the body of Christ. If we fail to use the gifts God has given us, we do a disservice to the church. God made our bodies with many parts and he has put each part just where he wants it (1 Cor 12:18). When one member suffers, all members suffer. Likewise when one member is honored, all members rejoice with it. The place and gifts of each member are determined by the Lord. We should never marginalize any gift. Gifts are liken to a group of coals burning together. If we isolate one of them, in a matter of time it will die. We need one another to function as individuals and as the church. Paul lists the gifts addition to those already given in verses 4-11. God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helping, administration and various kinds of tongues (1 Cor 12:28). Paul asks,” Is everyone a prophet? Are all teachers? Does everyone have the power to do miracle? Does everyone have the gift of healing? Does everyone speak in tongues? Can everyone interpret unknown languages?” (1 Cor 12:29-30). The answers is obvious, no. Paul wants his readers not to focus on spectacular gifts such as tongue. Paul urges them to earnestly desire the most helpful gifts.
(Read 1 Cor 12:1-7)
Paul now gives advice concerning the use of spiritual gifts in the church. Scholars agree that this is the most difficult section of 1 Corinthians to interpret. The Corinthians thought they knew much about the Holy Spirit because no other church was enriched with spiritual gifts like this church (1 Cor 1:4-5). Paul wanted them to know that they have a distorted view of what it means to be spiritually mature. The next three chapters reveal their misunderstanding of spiritual gifts and their use in the church. Paul begins by saying how wonderfully they got saved. Once they were idol worshipers and attracted to the pagan exercise of “tongues”. Paul says, “No one speaking by the Spirit of God ever says “Jesus is cursed”. Also, only by the transforming work of the Holy Spirit, one can confess that Jesus is Lord (1 Cor 12:3). The mark of Spirit controlled persons is that they see Christ as the glorious Lord and Savior. There are different kinds of gifts and different ways God works. But the Holy Spirit is the source. They are given to each one of us for the edification of the church. The purpose of gift is to help the entire church (1 Cor12:7). Gifts are given to minister to one another so that God may be glorified (1 Pet 4:10-11). Also gifts are given to equip believers for the ministry and for the building up the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:12-13). When we do not exercise the gifts, we quench and despise the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 5:19-20).
The Distribution of Gifts:
(Read 1 Cor 12:8-11)
The Holy Spirit gives gifts to believers to help the church to grow into spiritual maturity. To one is given the utterance of wisdom. This is the ability to give wise advice (1 Cor 12:8). To another believer is given the gift of special knowledge. Wisdom promotes sound knowledge that leads to godly living. To another faith. This is not the saving faith but the serving faith. To another the gift of healing and to another the ability to prophecy. Prophecy is the special revelation from God. The New Testament writing comes under this gift. The sign gifts are temporary and no longer needed since the canon of the New Testament is completed (Ephesians 2:20). To another the gift of discerning. It is ability to know whether it is from the Spirit of God or some other spirit is at work (1 John 4:1). To another the gift of tongues, to another the gift of the interpretation of tongues (1 Cor 14:7-13). In the book of Acts, speaking in tongues referred to the gift of speaking in the known languages (Acts 2:4; 10:46; 19:6). It is the Holy Spirit who distributes these gifts and decides which gift each person should have. The gifts are not given to prove ones spiritual status or merits (1 Cor 12:11). Paul continues to explain how gifts should be used in the next two chapters.
Unity and Diversity in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 12: 12-13)
Throughout 1 Corinthians 12 we find the theme of unity-in-diversity. Here the church is viewed as a body or organism. Like a human body, church reflects both unity and diversity. Christ is the head of the church and believers are the members of the body of Christ. Church is provided with variety of gifts to function as one body with many parts for the common good. So this should not be the source of envy and rivalry in the church. The believers have been baptized into Christ’s body by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor 12:13). This is not the water baptism but the Spirit baptism. This was the fulfillment of Matthew 3:11; John 1:33 and Acts 1:5). It occurs at the moment of conversion (Acts 2:47). The believer does not tarry or pray for Spirit Baptism. It is not repeated in the Christian life. Paul assumes that the Corinthians believers are already baptized by the Holy Spirit. It is like how Christ’s death benefits all who believe when they get saved. The blessings of Spirit baptism are available to all believers. All believers are baptized by the Holy Spirit into the body of Christ. The speaking in tongues is not the proof of Spirit baptism (1 Cor 12:13, 30). The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God (Rom 8:16).
All Spiritual Gifts are important:
(Read 1 Cor 12:14-31)
God has provided a variety of gifts in the church to function as one body with many parts. When these gifts are used as God intended, they serve for the common good of the church. No gift is better than another gift. Even though some gifts may not seem as visible as others, each gift has a special place within the body of Christ. If we fail to use the gifts God has given us, we do a disservice to the church. God made our bodies with many parts and he has put each part just where he wants it (1 Cor 12:18). When one member suffers, all members suffer. Likewise when one member is honored, all members rejoice with it. The place and gifts of each member are determined by the Lord. We should never marginalize any gift. Gifts are liken to a group of coals burning together. If we isolate one of them, in a matter of time it will die. We need one another to function as individuals and as the church. Paul lists the gifts addition to those already given in verses 4-11. God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, helping, administration and various kinds of tongues (1 Cor 12:28). Paul asks,” Is everyone a prophet? Are all teachers? Does everyone have the power to do miracle? Does everyone have the gift of healing? Does everyone speak in tongues? Can everyone interpret unknown languages?” (1 Cor 12:29-30). The answers is obvious, no. Paul wants his readers not to focus on spectacular gifts such as tongue. Paul urges them to earnestly desire the most helpful gifts.
Chapter 13
The Priority of Love:
(Read 1 Cor 13:1-3)
In Chapter 12 we find the theme of unity in diversity and the use of various spiritual gifts. In chapter 13, Paul explains that love must be the motivation behind the use of these gifts. Paul now gives the beautiful and complete description of love in this chapter. Agape is the highest form of love. This is the love of God that is constant, never ending and self sacrificial. Someone has spelled love as, s-a-c-r-i-f-i-c-e (John 3:16; 1 John 3:16). We love God when we love his Son. This passage shows that love is more important than spiritual gifts. Without love, gifts have no lasting value. Love is the essence of Christian faith. God is love (1 John 4:7-9). We love God because he first loved us (1 John 4:10). God graciously reveals his sacrificial love by sending his son to die on the cross (Rom 5:8). God is concerned with the motives behind our works. All spiritual gifts are to be exercised in love. This chapter can be divided into three sections: the priority of love (1 Cor 1-3); the character of love (1 Cor 4-7); and the permanent nature of love (1 Cor 8-13). If we speak in the languages of men and of angels, but have no love, it has no lasting value
(1 Cor 13:1). Scholars suggest that when pagan priests spoke in tongues, it was considered that they spoke in the language of their gods. The spectacular talents such as eloquence may impress people but in God’s sight it is of no value. Paul says that we may possess many gifts but if they are not exercised in love we gain nothing (1 Cor 13:2). Our sacrifices including our willingness to die for Christ gain nothing if we don’t have love. We are able to love others because God has poured into our heart his love through the Holy Spirit (Rom 5:5). The fruit of the Spirit is love (Gal 5:22). The world says we should love ourselves. God says we should love others with sacrificial love. Pray that we may meditate on God's love so that we can serve others.
The Character of Love:
(Read 1 Cor 13:4-7)
Paul now shows 14 qualities of sacrificial love. The Corinthian church was enriched with all spiritual gifts but it was filled with jealousy, boasting and arrogance. Only God’s transforming grace can change our hearts to love other (1 Cor 12:31). The spiritual gifts must be exercised in love (Gal 5:22). The love is the greatest virtue because unlike hope and faith, love never passes away. For all eternity we will be meditating on God's love toward us. Christ’s death on the cross is the ultimate demonstration of God’s sacrificial love (John 3:16; Gal 2:20; Rev 1:5). There is no love like the love of our dying Savior. Love should be the natural outflow in the Christian life.
Love is patient and kind (1 Cor 13:4). Love helps to endure trials and hardship. The Christians must be patient knowing that the Lord’s return is at hand (James 5:7-8). Love says, be patient. Kindness is helping others.
Love is not jealous or boastful or proud (1 Cor 13:4). Love does not boast about gifts or accomplishment. The spiritual gifts should not make us prideful. Love never makes us envious (1 Cor 8:1).
Love does not behave rude, does not insist on own rights (1 Cor 13:5). Love is considerate does not behave without respect. Love shows interest on others.
Love is not irritable and holds no grudges (1 Cor 13:5). Love endures neglect and insult. World seeks revenge. Love never keeps the record of wrong doings and does not suspect other’s motives or hold grudges.
Love does not rejoice at wrongdoing but rejoices in the truth (1 Cor 13:6). Love does not take delight in things which are offensive to God. Love rejoices whenever the truth triumphs.
Love bears all things; believes all things; hope all things and endures all things (1 Cor 13:7). Love covers the sins of others and does not publicize them (1 Pet 4:8). It gives godly advice when necessary. Love thinks well of others. Love does not produce critical and negative spirit. Love is not self-serving. Love endures all trials.
The Permanent Nature of Love:
(Read 1 Cor 13: 8-13)
Unlike many of the spiritual gifts, love will never cease. For all eternity, love will be our response to God’s mercy and grace. Paul says “Prophecies, tongues and special knowledge will pass away. When Paul was writing the epistle, the scripture was not complete and these gifts were necessary. But when the scripture was completed, these gifts are not needed for the edification of the church. Faith, hope and love operate together. Faith is the confidence that God is working in our lives for His glory and our good. Hope is the confident expectation of what we are going to experience in the future. Love is the greatest of all virtues because God is love. Everything in God is permeated with love, including his wrath. If God does not get angry with sin, we would question his love. Love is the highest expression of the Christian life. Paul says “But when the perfect comes, the partial prophecy and partial knowledge will pass away” (1 Cor 13:10). This should be understood in light of 1 Cor 2:6, Ephesians 4:11-16 and Heb 6:1. Paul uses the neuter gender for perfect here, so it does not refer to an individual. Paul compares Christian life to childhood life. When we become mature we give up the childish habits. Now we see things imperfectly but then face to face. Now we know in part but then we will know everything completely (1 Cor 13:12). During the apostolic period, they saw everything dimly but when the last book of Revelation was added to the New Testament, they knew more fully than before. We will never have perfect knowledge of God, even in heaven. God is omniscient. The scripture was given so that we may grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ (2 Pet 3:18; 1 Pet 2:1-2). The sign gifts are fragmentary and only a means to an end. God has given us everything needed for living a godly life through the scriptures (2 Pet 1:3; 2 Tim 3:16-17). Paul says “Now faith, hope and love abide but the greatest is love”. Faith and hope will pass away when Christ returns. Love alone abides. Paul challenges Corinthians to grow in love by focusing on Christ’s saving work. We are exhorted to keep ourselves in the love of God (Jude 1:21).
(Read 1 Cor 13:1-3)
In Chapter 12 we find the theme of unity in diversity and the use of various spiritual gifts. In chapter 13, Paul explains that love must be the motivation behind the use of these gifts. Paul now gives the beautiful and complete description of love in this chapter. Agape is the highest form of love. This is the love of God that is constant, never ending and self sacrificial. Someone has spelled love as, s-a-c-r-i-f-i-c-e (John 3:16; 1 John 3:16). We love God when we love his Son. This passage shows that love is more important than spiritual gifts. Without love, gifts have no lasting value. Love is the essence of Christian faith. God is love (1 John 4:7-9). We love God because he first loved us (1 John 4:10). God graciously reveals his sacrificial love by sending his son to die on the cross (Rom 5:8). God is concerned with the motives behind our works. All spiritual gifts are to be exercised in love. This chapter can be divided into three sections: the priority of love (1 Cor 1-3); the character of love (1 Cor 4-7); and the permanent nature of love (1 Cor 8-13). If we speak in the languages of men and of angels, but have no love, it has no lasting value
(1 Cor 13:1). Scholars suggest that when pagan priests spoke in tongues, it was considered that they spoke in the language of their gods. The spectacular talents such as eloquence may impress people but in God’s sight it is of no value. Paul says that we may possess many gifts but if they are not exercised in love we gain nothing (1 Cor 13:2). Our sacrifices including our willingness to die for Christ gain nothing if we don’t have love. We are able to love others because God has poured into our heart his love through the Holy Spirit (Rom 5:5). The fruit of the Spirit is love (Gal 5:22). The world says we should love ourselves. God says we should love others with sacrificial love. Pray that we may meditate on God's love so that we can serve others.
The Character of Love:
(Read 1 Cor 13:4-7)
Paul now shows 14 qualities of sacrificial love. The Corinthian church was enriched with all spiritual gifts but it was filled with jealousy, boasting and arrogance. Only God’s transforming grace can change our hearts to love other (1 Cor 12:31). The spiritual gifts must be exercised in love (Gal 5:22). The love is the greatest virtue because unlike hope and faith, love never passes away. For all eternity we will be meditating on God's love toward us. Christ’s death on the cross is the ultimate demonstration of God’s sacrificial love (John 3:16; Gal 2:20; Rev 1:5). There is no love like the love of our dying Savior. Love should be the natural outflow in the Christian life.
Love is patient and kind (1 Cor 13:4). Love helps to endure trials and hardship. The Christians must be patient knowing that the Lord’s return is at hand (James 5:7-8). Love says, be patient. Kindness is helping others.
Love is not jealous or boastful or proud (1 Cor 13:4). Love does not boast about gifts or accomplishment. The spiritual gifts should not make us prideful. Love never makes us envious (1 Cor 8:1).
Love does not behave rude, does not insist on own rights (1 Cor 13:5). Love is considerate does not behave without respect. Love shows interest on others.
Love is not irritable and holds no grudges (1 Cor 13:5). Love endures neglect and insult. World seeks revenge. Love never keeps the record of wrong doings and does not suspect other’s motives or hold grudges.
Love does not rejoice at wrongdoing but rejoices in the truth (1 Cor 13:6). Love does not take delight in things which are offensive to God. Love rejoices whenever the truth triumphs.
Love bears all things; believes all things; hope all things and endures all things (1 Cor 13:7). Love covers the sins of others and does not publicize them (1 Pet 4:8). It gives godly advice when necessary. Love thinks well of others. Love does not produce critical and negative spirit. Love is not self-serving. Love endures all trials.
The Permanent Nature of Love:
(Read 1 Cor 13: 8-13)
Unlike many of the spiritual gifts, love will never cease. For all eternity, love will be our response to God’s mercy and grace. Paul says “Prophecies, tongues and special knowledge will pass away. When Paul was writing the epistle, the scripture was not complete and these gifts were necessary. But when the scripture was completed, these gifts are not needed for the edification of the church. Faith, hope and love operate together. Faith is the confidence that God is working in our lives for His glory and our good. Hope is the confident expectation of what we are going to experience in the future. Love is the greatest of all virtues because God is love. Everything in God is permeated with love, including his wrath. If God does not get angry with sin, we would question his love. Love is the highest expression of the Christian life. Paul says “But when the perfect comes, the partial prophecy and partial knowledge will pass away” (1 Cor 13:10). This should be understood in light of 1 Cor 2:6, Ephesians 4:11-16 and Heb 6:1. Paul uses the neuter gender for perfect here, so it does not refer to an individual. Paul compares Christian life to childhood life. When we become mature we give up the childish habits. Now we see things imperfectly but then face to face. Now we know in part but then we will know everything completely (1 Cor 13:12). During the apostolic period, they saw everything dimly but when the last book of Revelation was added to the New Testament, they knew more fully than before. We will never have perfect knowledge of God, even in heaven. God is omniscient. The scripture was given so that we may grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ (2 Pet 3:18; 1 Pet 2:1-2). The sign gifts are fragmentary and only a means to an end. God has given us everything needed for living a godly life through the scriptures (2 Pet 1:3; 2 Tim 3:16-17). Paul says “Now faith, hope and love abide but the greatest is love”. Faith and hope will pass away when Christ returns. Love alone abides. Paul challenges Corinthians to grow in love by focusing on Christ’s saving work. We are exhorted to keep ourselves in the love of God (Jude 1:21).
Chapter 14
The Gifts of Tongues and Prophecy:
(Read 1 Cor 14:1-12)
Paul exhorts the church to earnestly desire the spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy. He warns the Corinthian church about the improper use of the gifts of tongues and prophecy. Since the gift of prophecy benefits the all believers, it is more important than the gift of tongues. The gift of tongue is the ability to speak in language unknown to the speaker (Acts 2:5-12). Prophecy is the Spirit prompted proclamation of the Word of God (Acts 11:27-28). These gifts served only to confirm the preaching of the apostles (2 Cor 12:12). The primary goal of gifts is to build up the church. Only a Christ centered use of the gifts bring glory to God. "Those who speak in tongues, speak not to men but to God. No one understands him but he speaks mysteries in the Spirit" (1 Cor 14:2). The scholars suggest that the word “Unknown” used in verse 2 is omitted in the Greek text. Those who prophecy, speak to the entire church for their edification, encouragement and comfort (1 Cor 14:3). When a person speaks in tongues, only he is benefited. Speaking in tongue does not benefit others unless someone interprets it. Paul asks, if we don’t speak in plain language how people understand? There are different languages in the world and none is without meaning (1 Cor 14:10). If I don’t understand the language, I will be foreigner to the speaker and the speaker a foreigner to me (1 Cor 14:12). Paul urges believers to seek the gifts that benefit the Church.
The Essential Purpose of Tongues:
(Read 1 Cor 14:13-25)
Paul says that anyone who has the gift of tongues should pray that he may be able to interpret (1 Cor 14:13). When we pray in tongues our spirit is praying but we don’t understand what we are saying. Paul wants to pray and sing with his spirit and with his understanding (1 Cor 14:15). Singing with the spirit is singing from heartfelt feelings towards God. When we praise God in tongues, it is impossible for anyone to join us in praising God with understanding. Paul had the gift of tongues yet he preferred to speak five words that benefit others. Paul says that as the church gets matured, her interest should be less in the spectacular gifts and more in the gifts that benefit the the believers. Paul had in his mind Isaiah 28:11-11, when he wrote 1 Cor 14:21. Speaking in tongues is not a sign to believers but to unbelievers. The prophecy benefits believers and not unbelievers (1 Cor 14:22). When an unbeliever enters the meeting and hear everyone speaking in unknown language, he may think they are out of their mind (1 Cor 14:23). But if they are prophesying, he will be convicted of his sin and worship God declaring “God is really among you” (1 Cor 14:25). May God help us to use our gifts for the benefit of the church.
A Call to Orderly Worship in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 14:26-33)
Paul explained how to use gift of tongues and prophecy properly in the church. When believers know God’s character they will desire to honor him in worship. Worship is our response to the knowledge of God. This personal knowledge of God resonates in our hearts and fills us with wonder and adoration. This would spiritually and emotionally motivate us to worship God. The worship is the natural outflow of our hearts. God is worthy of our worship. Worship deepens and enriches our intimacy with God. It is the expression of our devotion to God. In the early church the worship service was not controlled by one person. There was open and free participation in the worship service (1 Cor 14:26-27). Only two or three persons were allowed to speak in tongues. They must speak one at a time and let someone interpret. But if there is no one to interpret, let them keep silent and speak in tongues to God privately (1 Cor 14:28). To speak in tongues without an interpreter was not allowed in the church. Let two or three prophets speak each in turn so that all may learn and be encouraged. But if someone receives a revelation from God, let the first be silent and let him speak. Let all things be done decently and in order in the church. The spirits of prophets are subject to prophets. God does not allow disorderly and disruptive behavior in the church. Our God is not a God of confusion but of peace and order (1 Cor 14:33).
Women’s role in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 14:34-40)
The women were not allowed to teach in the early church (1 Cor 14:34). They were permitted to pray and prophecy in public worship as long as they were properly dressed and allowed (1 Cor 11:5). But they are not allowed to teach or have authority over man (1 Tim 2:12). Also they were not allowed to disrupt the meeting by asking questions and talking while the serve was going on. Paul says “If they desire to learn, let them ask their husbands at home”. They may ask their questions to their husbands or matured believers privately. Our sisters have the responsibility to train our children and young women to live a self-controlled and godly life (Titus 2:4-5). Paul mentions the names of many women who served the Lord with him in Romans 16. They were known for their hospitality. Christian women are the building block of our homes. They have the great responsibility to bring up the children in the fear of God. Here Paul uses his apostolic authority to instruct. Paul asks the Corinthians to earnestly desire the gift of prophecy and don’t forbid speaking in tongues. God in his sovereignty is able to give the gift of tongues in special situations for His glory. Paul concludes that everything in the church should be done decently and in order.
(Read 1 Cor 14:1-12)
Paul exhorts the church to earnestly desire the spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy. He warns the Corinthian church about the improper use of the gifts of tongues and prophecy. Since the gift of prophecy benefits the all believers, it is more important than the gift of tongues. The gift of tongue is the ability to speak in language unknown to the speaker (Acts 2:5-12). Prophecy is the Spirit prompted proclamation of the Word of God (Acts 11:27-28). These gifts served only to confirm the preaching of the apostles (2 Cor 12:12). The primary goal of gifts is to build up the church. Only a Christ centered use of the gifts bring glory to God. "Those who speak in tongues, speak not to men but to God. No one understands him but he speaks mysteries in the Spirit" (1 Cor 14:2). The scholars suggest that the word “Unknown” used in verse 2 is omitted in the Greek text. Those who prophecy, speak to the entire church for their edification, encouragement and comfort (1 Cor 14:3). When a person speaks in tongues, only he is benefited. Speaking in tongue does not benefit others unless someone interprets it. Paul asks, if we don’t speak in plain language how people understand? There are different languages in the world and none is without meaning (1 Cor 14:10). If I don’t understand the language, I will be foreigner to the speaker and the speaker a foreigner to me (1 Cor 14:12). Paul urges believers to seek the gifts that benefit the Church.
The Essential Purpose of Tongues:
(Read 1 Cor 14:13-25)
Paul says that anyone who has the gift of tongues should pray that he may be able to interpret (1 Cor 14:13). When we pray in tongues our spirit is praying but we don’t understand what we are saying. Paul wants to pray and sing with his spirit and with his understanding (1 Cor 14:15). Singing with the spirit is singing from heartfelt feelings towards God. When we praise God in tongues, it is impossible for anyone to join us in praising God with understanding. Paul had the gift of tongues yet he preferred to speak five words that benefit others. Paul says that as the church gets matured, her interest should be less in the spectacular gifts and more in the gifts that benefit the the believers. Paul had in his mind Isaiah 28:11-11, when he wrote 1 Cor 14:21. Speaking in tongues is not a sign to believers but to unbelievers. The prophecy benefits believers and not unbelievers (1 Cor 14:22). When an unbeliever enters the meeting and hear everyone speaking in unknown language, he may think they are out of their mind (1 Cor 14:23). But if they are prophesying, he will be convicted of his sin and worship God declaring “God is really among you” (1 Cor 14:25). May God help us to use our gifts for the benefit of the church.
A Call to Orderly Worship in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 14:26-33)
Paul explained how to use gift of tongues and prophecy properly in the church. When believers know God’s character they will desire to honor him in worship. Worship is our response to the knowledge of God. This personal knowledge of God resonates in our hearts and fills us with wonder and adoration. This would spiritually and emotionally motivate us to worship God. The worship is the natural outflow of our hearts. God is worthy of our worship. Worship deepens and enriches our intimacy with God. It is the expression of our devotion to God. In the early church the worship service was not controlled by one person. There was open and free participation in the worship service (1 Cor 14:26-27). Only two or three persons were allowed to speak in tongues. They must speak one at a time and let someone interpret. But if there is no one to interpret, let them keep silent and speak in tongues to God privately (1 Cor 14:28). To speak in tongues without an interpreter was not allowed in the church. Let two or three prophets speak each in turn so that all may learn and be encouraged. But if someone receives a revelation from God, let the first be silent and let him speak. Let all things be done decently and in order in the church. The spirits of prophets are subject to prophets. God does not allow disorderly and disruptive behavior in the church. Our God is not a God of confusion but of peace and order (1 Cor 14:33).
Women’s role in the Church:
(Read 1 Cor 14:34-40)
The women were not allowed to teach in the early church (1 Cor 14:34). They were permitted to pray and prophecy in public worship as long as they were properly dressed and allowed (1 Cor 11:5). But they are not allowed to teach or have authority over man (1 Tim 2:12). Also they were not allowed to disrupt the meeting by asking questions and talking while the serve was going on. Paul says “If they desire to learn, let them ask their husbands at home”. They may ask their questions to their husbands or matured believers privately. Our sisters have the responsibility to train our children and young women to live a self-controlled and godly life (Titus 2:4-5). Paul mentions the names of many women who served the Lord with him in Romans 16. They were known for their hospitality. Christian women are the building block of our homes. They have the great responsibility to bring up the children in the fear of God. Here Paul uses his apostolic authority to instruct. Paul asks the Corinthians to earnestly desire the gift of prophecy and don’t forbid speaking in tongues. God in his sovereignty is able to give the gift of tongues in special situations for His glory. Paul concludes that everything in the church should be done decently and in order.
Chapter 15
Resurrection and the Gospel Message:
(Read 1 Cor 15:1-2)
The resurrection Jesus Christ is vital to the preaching of the gospel. The Corinthian believers were saved yet some of them were skeptical about resurrection of believers. So Paul defends the doctrine of resurrection by saying that it is vital to the historical preaching of the Gospel. Paul received the gospel by direct revelation from the Lord (Gal 1:12). The Corinthian believers were saved by grace through faith in Christ. If they have not believed in the resurrection, their faith was in vain ((1 Cor 15:2). The resurrection strengthens them in their daily battle against sin (1 Cor 15:2). The gospel is not merely the good news to get saved. It is also the power of God for Christian living (Rom 1:17). It is not only needed for evangelizing unbelievers, but also essential for Christian living. The goal of the church is to preach the gospel and make disciples. The decision to submit to Christ is the necessary first step in the disciple making process but it is not the final goal. It is wonderful to guide someone into a relationship with Christ. The great commission is to make disciples. The discipleship involves helping people to grow in their relationship with Christ and equipping them to live a life that is fruitful and effective. Jesus made disciples by inviting them to be with him (John 1:39). He modeled a life that they should imitate. In the gospel of Matthew, we see the strategy of discipleship (Mat 28:18-20). Mark gives the scope of it (Mark 16:15). In the gospel of Luke we see the essence of discipleship (Luke 24:47). John gives the source of the great commission (John 20:21). The gospel is not primarily about getting people out of hell into heaven, but about getting God out of heaven into people's life. It is sad that today evangelism has become like inviting people to a cruse which is equipped with all kinds of entertainments and comforts.
The Contents of the Gospel:
(Read 1 Cor 15:3-11)
Paul summarizes the content of the gospel in verses 3 and 4. “Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures, that he was buried and he was raised from the dead on the third day according to the scriptures”. It was the fulfillment of what had been predicted in the Old Testament (John 20:9; Acts 26:23; Psalms 16:10). Christ's resurrection was confirmed by his appearance to many eyewitnesses (1 Cor 15:5-7). They include “Peter, the twelve apostles, and the five hundred disciples, most of them are still alive”. Then Jesus appeared to James and last of all to Paul. James was the half-brother of Jesus who was once an unbeliever (Mat 13:55; John 7:5). Paul considers himself the least of all apostles yet he too had the honor of seeing the risen Lord (1 Cor 15:9). Paul says “I am what I am by the grace of God”. He worked harder than all apostles yet not Paul but the grace of God that was with him (1 Cor 15:10). It makes no difference who preached the gospel to Corinthians the important thing is that they got saved. The gospel is the historical account of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is not built on myth and legend. The gospel is the power of God for salvation to all who believes (Rom 1:16).
The Risen Christ gives Hope:
(Read 1 Cor 15:12-19)
Paul has established the fact that resurrection of Christ is an essential part of the gospel (1 Cor 15:1-11). Paul asks “How can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead” (1 Cor 15:12). Before they got saved Corinthians were influenced by the Gnostic idea that the physical body is a hindrance to true spirituality (1 Cor 7:1-5). Therefore some taught that there is no such thing as a bodily resurrection from the dead. Paul presents the consequences of denying the resurrection in verses 13 to 19. Paul’s logic is inescapable.
If there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either.
If Christ was not raised from the dead, our preaching is in vain and your faith is also in vain.
Then we become false witnesses by testifying that God has not raised Christ from dead.
If Christ was not raised, our faith is useless and we are still in the condemnation of sins.
If Christ was not raised, all who have died believing in Christ are perished.
If we have hope in Christ only for this life, we are of all people most miserable.
If Christ was not risen we are deceived and we become deceivers.
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the most important event in history. If Christ is not raised from the dead, his death does not have any power to forgive sin. Resurrection gives hope that believers will join Jesus for eternity with physically resurrected bodies. Unlike other religions, Christianity is based on the teaching of Christ. Christ does not show us the way, or truth or life to God, but he himself is the way, the truth and the life (John 14:6). Those who trust in Christ have eternal life.
Resurrection and the future blessings:
(Read 1 Cor 15:20-28)
Since Chris did rise from the dead, there are great blessings for those who belong to him (1 Cor 15:20). His resurrection is the ground of our faith, our fellowship and our own resurrection. Christ has become the first fruits of those who have died in Christ. In Israel the first fruits always anticipated a harvest (Lev 23:9-14). It gives hope that someday the remaining harvest will be gathered. In Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. It does not teach that there is a universal resurrection. But each in his own order. Christ the first-fruits, then at his coming those who belong to him (1 Cor 15:23). Christ was the first to experience the resurrection of body from the dead to become the first fruit. When he returns to rapture the church, those who died in Christ including the Old Testament saints will be raised from the dead (1 Thess 4:14-19). Christ will reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet (1 Cor 15:25). Then the wicked will be raise from the dead. The last enemy to be destroyed is death (1 Cor 15:26). In essence the Father and the Son are same. But in ministry, as the incarnate Son, Christ is obedient to the Father. When all things are subjected to the Son, he will present himself to God. Then God will be all in all (1 Cor 15:28). Thus the Father who gave his Son authority over all things will become supreme over everything. The believers who battle against sin and Satan have the blessed hope that their greatest joy awaits at the resurrection.
Resurrection and Suffering:
(Read 1 Cor 15-29-34)
The hope of resurrection helps us to endure suffering for the gospel. This also strengths us to devote our energy not to the temporary pleasures of this life but to embrace the promise that one day we will share in Christ’s glory. In Corinth some were baptized on behalf of the dead. Paul asks “If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized on their behalf? (1 Cor 15:29). Since Baptism symbolizes death and resurrection, it is meaningless to be baptized, if there is no resurrection of the dead. This custom is not scriptural and not practiced in the church today. If there is no resurrection there is no sense in suffering. Paul asks “If there is no resurrection, what value was there in fighting wild animals at Ephesus and facing death threat every day” (1 Cor 15:32). It gives only empty hope like “Let us eat and drink for tomorrow we die”. Scholars suggest that Paul quotes the proverb from the Greek poet Menander “Bad company corrupts good morals” (1 Cor 15:33). To their shame, some in the Corinthian church questioned the doctrine of resurrection. Paul urges Corinthians to come to their senses and stop sinning (1 Cor 15:34). Paul wants to say to their shame that some of them don’t even know God. Only when we embrace the doctrine of resurrection, we will find strength to endure hardship for the gospel.
The Nature of the Resurrection Body:
(Read 1 Cor 15:35-49)
Paul gives his insight on the nature of the resurrected body here. Someone may ask “How will the dead be raised? What kind of body do they have? (1 Cor 15:36). Paul answers these questions with an analogy from the nature. Whenever a seed is sown in the ground it must die first before it can germinate. A grain is sown, a plant is the result. God gives it a body according the seed that was sown. Diversity exists among the living beings in the nature. There is a difference between the physical body and the resurrected body. Our earthly body is perishable but the resurrected body is imperishable. There is nothing glorious about a dead body but when it is raised it will be full of glory. A weak body is buried now. When it is raised it will be full of power. A natural human body is buried now but when it is raised it will be a spiritual body (1 Cor 15:42-44). Paul contrasts the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ. The first man Adam became a living being; the last Adam became a life giving spirit (Gen 2:7; John 5:21). First Adam gives physical life but the last Adam gives eternal life (Rom 5:14; John 5:26). First Adam was made from the dust while second Adam came from heaven. Every human being has an earthly body just like Adam’s but our heavenly bodies will be just like Christ’s glorified body (1 Cor 15:49; 1 John 3:2). Although believers will resemble Christ morally, they don’t look like him in their glorified body. Each believer will have distinct personality and recognizable in heaven. As the earthly planets reflect different glory, believers will reflect different glory in their resurrected bodies. In their glorified body they will be able to live a life that is free from sin and its corruption. This is our blessed hope.
Resurrection and our Victory:
(Read 1 Cor 15:50-58)
Paul’s final attention turns to what happens to those who are living at the time of the second coming of Christ. Paul says that now we live in a perishable body and it can’t inherit the kingdom of God. This perishable body will change into an imperishable body to live forever. Paul shares a mystery that was revealed to him by God. “We shall not all die, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the blinking of an eye, at the last trumpet” (1 Cor 15:51-52; Phil 3:21; 1 Thess 4:16-17). For when the trumpet sounds, those who have died in Christ will be raised imperishable. Then the living believers shall be transformed so that they will never die (1 Cor 15:52). For this perishable body must put on the imperishable and the mortal puts on immortality. Those who are raised from the dead will shout the victory song “O grave, where is your victory” (1 Cor 15:55). The living believers who are changed shall shout “O death where is your sting?” The sting of death is sin and the strength of sin is the law (1 Cor 15:56). Paul thanked God who gives us victory over sin and death through Jesus Christ our Lord (1 Cor 15:57). This is a reference to the complete victory we are going to receive when Christ returns. So, Paul exhorts believers to be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord knowing that our labor in the Lord is not in vain (1 Cor 15:58). one day we will share the glory of resurrection. The promise of resurrection gives us energy and purpose to our daily life because we know that “Our labor in the Lord is not in vain”. Do you have this confidence in Christ and in his ministry?
(Read 1 Cor 15:1-2)
The resurrection Jesus Christ is vital to the preaching of the gospel. The Corinthian believers were saved yet some of them were skeptical about resurrection of believers. So Paul defends the doctrine of resurrection by saying that it is vital to the historical preaching of the Gospel. Paul received the gospel by direct revelation from the Lord (Gal 1:12). The Corinthian believers were saved by grace through faith in Christ. If they have not believed in the resurrection, their faith was in vain ((1 Cor 15:2). The resurrection strengthens them in their daily battle against sin (1 Cor 15:2). The gospel is not merely the good news to get saved. It is also the power of God for Christian living (Rom 1:17). It is not only needed for evangelizing unbelievers, but also essential for Christian living. The goal of the church is to preach the gospel and make disciples. The decision to submit to Christ is the necessary first step in the disciple making process but it is not the final goal. It is wonderful to guide someone into a relationship with Christ. The great commission is to make disciples. The discipleship involves helping people to grow in their relationship with Christ and equipping them to live a life that is fruitful and effective. Jesus made disciples by inviting them to be with him (John 1:39). He modeled a life that they should imitate. In the gospel of Matthew, we see the strategy of discipleship (Mat 28:18-20). Mark gives the scope of it (Mark 16:15). In the gospel of Luke we see the essence of discipleship (Luke 24:47). John gives the source of the great commission (John 20:21). The gospel is not primarily about getting people out of hell into heaven, but about getting God out of heaven into people's life. It is sad that today evangelism has become like inviting people to a cruse which is equipped with all kinds of entertainments and comforts.
The Contents of the Gospel:
(Read 1 Cor 15:3-11)
Paul summarizes the content of the gospel in verses 3 and 4. “Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures, that he was buried and he was raised from the dead on the third day according to the scriptures”. It was the fulfillment of what had been predicted in the Old Testament (John 20:9; Acts 26:23; Psalms 16:10). Christ's resurrection was confirmed by his appearance to many eyewitnesses (1 Cor 15:5-7). They include “Peter, the twelve apostles, and the five hundred disciples, most of them are still alive”. Then Jesus appeared to James and last of all to Paul. James was the half-brother of Jesus who was once an unbeliever (Mat 13:55; John 7:5). Paul considers himself the least of all apostles yet he too had the honor of seeing the risen Lord (1 Cor 15:9). Paul says “I am what I am by the grace of God”. He worked harder than all apostles yet not Paul but the grace of God that was with him (1 Cor 15:10). It makes no difference who preached the gospel to Corinthians the important thing is that they got saved. The gospel is the historical account of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is not built on myth and legend. The gospel is the power of God for salvation to all who believes (Rom 1:16).
The Risen Christ gives Hope:
(Read 1 Cor 15:12-19)
Paul has established the fact that resurrection of Christ is an essential part of the gospel (1 Cor 15:1-11). Paul asks “How can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead” (1 Cor 15:12). Before they got saved Corinthians were influenced by the Gnostic idea that the physical body is a hindrance to true spirituality (1 Cor 7:1-5). Therefore some taught that there is no such thing as a bodily resurrection from the dead. Paul presents the consequences of denying the resurrection in verses 13 to 19. Paul’s logic is inescapable.
If there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either.
If Christ was not raised from the dead, our preaching is in vain and your faith is also in vain.
Then we become false witnesses by testifying that God has not raised Christ from dead.
If Christ was not raised, our faith is useless and we are still in the condemnation of sins.
If Christ was not raised, all who have died believing in Christ are perished.
If we have hope in Christ only for this life, we are of all people most miserable.
If Christ was not risen we are deceived and we become deceivers.
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the most important event in history. If Christ is not raised from the dead, his death does not have any power to forgive sin. Resurrection gives hope that believers will join Jesus for eternity with physically resurrected bodies. Unlike other religions, Christianity is based on the teaching of Christ. Christ does not show us the way, or truth or life to God, but he himself is the way, the truth and the life (John 14:6). Those who trust in Christ have eternal life.
Resurrection and the future blessings:
(Read 1 Cor 15:20-28)
Since Chris did rise from the dead, there are great blessings for those who belong to him (1 Cor 15:20). His resurrection is the ground of our faith, our fellowship and our own resurrection. Christ has become the first fruits of those who have died in Christ. In Israel the first fruits always anticipated a harvest (Lev 23:9-14). It gives hope that someday the remaining harvest will be gathered. In Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. It does not teach that there is a universal resurrection. But each in his own order. Christ the first-fruits, then at his coming those who belong to him (1 Cor 15:23). Christ was the first to experience the resurrection of body from the dead to become the first fruit. When he returns to rapture the church, those who died in Christ including the Old Testament saints will be raised from the dead (1 Thess 4:14-19). Christ will reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet (1 Cor 15:25). Then the wicked will be raise from the dead. The last enemy to be destroyed is death (1 Cor 15:26). In essence the Father and the Son are same. But in ministry, as the incarnate Son, Christ is obedient to the Father. When all things are subjected to the Son, he will present himself to God. Then God will be all in all (1 Cor 15:28). Thus the Father who gave his Son authority over all things will become supreme over everything. The believers who battle against sin and Satan have the blessed hope that their greatest joy awaits at the resurrection.
Resurrection and Suffering:
(Read 1 Cor 15-29-34)
The hope of resurrection helps us to endure suffering for the gospel. This also strengths us to devote our energy not to the temporary pleasures of this life but to embrace the promise that one day we will share in Christ’s glory. In Corinth some were baptized on behalf of the dead. Paul asks “If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized on their behalf? (1 Cor 15:29). Since Baptism symbolizes death and resurrection, it is meaningless to be baptized, if there is no resurrection of the dead. This custom is not scriptural and not practiced in the church today. If there is no resurrection there is no sense in suffering. Paul asks “If there is no resurrection, what value was there in fighting wild animals at Ephesus and facing death threat every day” (1 Cor 15:32). It gives only empty hope like “Let us eat and drink for tomorrow we die”. Scholars suggest that Paul quotes the proverb from the Greek poet Menander “Bad company corrupts good morals” (1 Cor 15:33). To their shame, some in the Corinthian church questioned the doctrine of resurrection. Paul urges Corinthians to come to their senses and stop sinning (1 Cor 15:34). Paul wants to say to their shame that some of them don’t even know God. Only when we embrace the doctrine of resurrection, we will find strength to endure hardship for the gospel.
The Nature of the Resurrection Body:
(Read 1 Cor 15:35-49)
Paul gives his insight on the nature of the resurrected body here. Someone may ask “How will the dead be raised? What kind of body do they have? (1 Cor 15:36). Paul answers these questions with an analogy from the nature. Whenever a seed is sown in the ground it must die first before it can germinate. A grain is sown, a plant is the result. God gives it a body according the seed that was sown. Diversity exists among the living beings in the nature. There is a difference between the physical body and the resurrected body. Our earthly body is perishable but the resurrected body is imperishable. There is nothing glorious about a dead body but when it is raised it will be full of glory. A weak body is buried now. When it is raised it will be full of power. A natural human body is buried now but when it is raised it will be a spiritual body (1 Cor 15:42-44). Paul contrasts the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ. The first man Adam became a living being; the last Adam became a life giving spirit (Gen 2:7; John 5:21). First Adam gives physical life but the last Adam gives eternal life (Rom 5:14; John 5:26). First Adam was made from the dust while second Adam came from heaven. Every human being has an earthly body just like Adam’s but our heavenly bodies will be just like Christ’s glorified body (1 Cor 15:49; 1 John 3:2). Although believers will resemble Christ morally, they don’t look like him in their glorified body. Each believer will have distinct personality and recognizable in heaven. As the earthly planets reflect different glory, believers will reflect different glory in their resurrected bodies. In their glorified body they will be able to live a life that is free from sin and its corruption. This is our blessed hope.
Resurrection and our Victory:
(Read 1 Cor 15:50-58)
Paul’s final attention turns to what happens to those who are living at the time of the second coming of Christ. Paul says that now we live in a perishable body and it can’t inherit the kingdom of God. This perishable body will change into an imperishable body to live forever. Paul shares a mystery that was revealed to him by God. “We shall not all die, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the blinking of an eye, at the last trumpet” (1 Cor 15:51-52; Phil 3:21; 1 Thess 4:16-17). For when the trumpet sounds, those who have died in Christ will be raised imperishable. Then the living believers shall be transformed so that they will never die (1 Cor 15:52). For this perishable body must put on the imperishable and the mortal puts on immortality. Those who are raised from the dead will shout the victory song “O grave, where is your victory” (1 Cor 15:55). The living believers who are changed shall shout “O death where is your sting?” The sting of death is sin and the strength of sin is the law (1 Cor 15:56). Paul thanked God who gives us victory over sin and death through Jesus Christ our Lord (1 Cor 15:57). This is a reference to the complete victory we are going to receive when Christ returns. So, Paul exhorts believers to be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord knowing that our labor in the Lord is not in vain (1 Cor 15:58). one day we will share the glory of resurrection. The promise of resurrection gives us energy and purpose to our daily life because we know that “Our labor in the Lord is not in vain”. Do you have this confidence in Christ and in his ministry?
Chapter 16
Instruction about Collection for the Saints:
(Read 1 Cor 16:1-4)
In this concluding chapter, Paul reminds Corinthians about the contribution for the Jerusalem church. They have inquired how they could participate in the collection for the saints in Jerusalem. Paul instructs that they should follow the same procedure he gave to the churches in Galatia. When believers gather for corporate worship on the Lord’s Day, they should give generously (1 Cor 16: 1-3). It is not an optional matter but the Christian’s obligation. Our motivation for worship and generosity is the life and death of Jesus Christ (2 Cor 8:9). He has blessed us generously with all spiritual blessings (Ephesians 1:3). Our giving is a fragrant and acceptable sacrifice pleasing to God (Phil 4:18). We give because we love Christ (John 12:1-8). Only those who know Christ and appreciate his great work on Calvary for them give generously. On the first day of the week each believer should give certain amount proportional to their income. Their giving is to be systematic. Paul wanted that this collection be taken before his arrival at Corinth. Paul did not want to apply any pressure on them when he comes. Since Paul was not sure when he would visit Corinth, he reminds them that they should be prepared with the collection now. Also Paul suggests that they should appoint stewards to carry their gift to Jerusalem. Paul suggests that he will write a letter of recommendation for the stewards. Paul was also willing to accompany the stewards to Jerusalem. Because of Christ’s great generosity toward us, Christians should show generosity toward those who are in need.
Paul’s Personal Plan:
(Read 1 Cor 16:5-12)
Paul planned to visit Corinth after visiting Macedonia and spend the winter with them. But he was waiting for God’s timing (1 Cor 16:7). In the meantime Paul decided to stay in Ephesus until Pentecost because a wide door for effective ministry has been opened to him. There are many adversaries also (1 Cor 16:9). God’s servant should avail all the opportunities to serve him. Paul spent three years in the ministry at Ephesus. Though the Corinthian church had many flaws, Paul loved them dearly. It is important that the servants of God must graciously endure many challenges for the sake of the spiritual growth of fellow believers. Paul models Christ-like patience and commitment to serve others. At this time Timothy was traveling to Corinth. Paul afraid that Timothy may be intimidated, being young, timid and physically weak (1 Tim 4:12; 5:21-23; 2 Tim 1:7). So Paul requests that they should treat Timothy with respect and do not despise him because his youth. He is doing the work of the Lord. He asks them to send him on his way with their blessing when he returns to Paul (1 Cor 16:11). Paul was expecting Timothy along with other brothers. Paul urged Apollos to visit Corinth with other brothers to encourage them. At that time he was not able visit them. Paul was confident that Apollos will visit Corinth when it is convenient. Our ability to serve God is fueled by Christ’s love for us.
Final Greetings:
(Read 1 Cor 16:13-20)
Paul gives practical advice to the Corinthian church. Be on guard, stand firm in the faith, be courageous and do all things with love (1 Cor 16:13). The believers must be alert because Satan is out there to destroy them. Also the Lord’s return is at hand. They should stand true to what they believe. Faith, conviction, courage and love are essential qualities of Christian life. The believers should stand firm in the faith (16:13). Paul urges them to respect the household of Stephanas. They are the first converts in Achaia and they devote themselves serving other Christians. Paul was rejoicing at the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus, because they ministered to Paul’s need when he was in Ephesus. He exhorts believers to honor all who serve Christ. The churches in Asia send greetings to Corinthians. Aquila and Priscilla with the church in their house send greetings. Paul met them when they were exiled from Rome and moved to Corinth (Acts 18:2). They have since moved on to Ephesus (Rom 16:3-5). Paul asks Corinthians to greet one another with holy kiss. In those days it was a custom to express mutual love and friendship by kiss. These days Christians don’t practice this custom.
Conclusion:
(Read 1 Cor 16:21-24)
Paul writes greetings to Corinthian church with his own hand. Paul says “If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be cursed” (1 Cor 16:22). Only personal relationship with Christ provides freedom from the curse of sin. Our Lord is coming. “Maranatha” is an Aramaic expression used by early Christians to signify the second coming of Christ. Paul concludes the letter by writing “May the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you” (1 Cor 16:23). Salvation from A to Z is by grace. Grace leads to love all who are in Christ. Paul extends his deep love not only to those who agree with him but also to all who disagree with him in the church (1 Cor 16:24). Our understanding of God is the result of his gracious revelation to us. Pray that the Holy Spirit gives you insight into the things of Christ to follow his example. Amen!
(Read 1 Cor 16:1-4)
In this concluding chapter, Paul reminds Corinthians about the contribution for the Jerusalem church. They have inquired how they could participate in the collection for the saints in Jerusalem. Paul instructs that they should follow the same procedure he gave to the churches in Galatia. When believers gather for corporate worship on the Lord’s Day, they should give generously (1 Cor 16: 1-3). It is not an optional matter but the Christian’s obligation. Our motivation for worship and generosity is the life and death of Jesus Christ (2 Cor 8:9). He has blessed us generously with all spiritual blessings (Ephesians 1:3). Our giving is a fragrant and acceptable sacrifice pleasing to God (Phil 4:18). We give because we love Christ (John 12:1-8). Only those who know Christ and appreciate his great work on Calvary for them give generously. On the first day of the week each believer should give certain amount proportional to their income. Their giving is to be systematic. Paul wanted that this collection be taken before his arrival at Corinth. Paul did not want to apply any pressure on them when he comes. Since Paul was not sure when he would visit Corinth, he reminds them that they should be prepared with the collection now. Also Paul suggests that they should appoint stewards to carry their gift to Jerusalem. Paul suggests that he will write a letter of recommendation for the stewards. Paul was also willing to accompany the stewards to Jerusalem. Because of Christ’s great generosity toward us, Christians should show generosity toward those who are in need.
Paul’s Personal Plan:
(Read 1 Cor 16:5-12)
Paul planned to visit Corinth after visiting Macedonia and spend the winter with them. But he was waiting for God’s timing (1 Cor 16:7). In the meantime Paul decided to stay in Ephesus until Pentecost because a wide door for effective ministry has been opened to him. There are many adversaries also (1 Cor 16:9). God’s servant should avail all the opportunities to serve him. Paul spent three years in the ministry at Ephesus. Though the Corinthian church had many flaws, Paul loved them dearly. It is important that the servants of God must graciously endure many challenges for the sake of the spiritual growth of fellow believers. Paul models Christ-like patience and commitment to serve others. At this time Timothy was traveling to Corinth. Paul afraid that Timothy may be intimidated, being young, timid and physically weak (1 Tim 4:12; 5:21-23; 2 Tim 1:7). So Paul requests that they should treat Timothy with respect and do not despise him because his youth. He is doing the work of the Lord. He asks them to send him on his way with their blessing when he returns to Paul (1 Cor 16:11). Paul was expecting Timothy along with other brothers. Paul urged Apollos to visit Corinth with other brothers to encourage them. At that time he was not able visit them. Paul was confident that Apollos will visit Corinth when it is convenient. Our ability to serve God is fueled by Christ’s love for us.
Final Greetings:
(Read 1 Cor 16:13-20)
Paul gives practical advice to the Corinthian church. Be on guard, stand firm in the faith, be courageous and do all things with love (1 Cor 16:13). The believers must be alert because Satan is out there to destroy them. Also the Lord’s return is at hand. They should stand true to what they believe. Faith, conviction, courage and love are essential qualities of Christian life. The believers should stand firm in the faith (16:13). Paul urges them to respect the household of Stephanas. They are the first converts in Achaia and they devote themselves serving other Christians. Paul was rejoicing at the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus, because they ministered to Paul’s need when he was in Ephesus. He exhorts believers to honor all who serve Christ. The churches in Asia send greetings to Corinthians. Aquila and Priscilla with the church in their house send greetings. Paul met them when they were exiled from Rome and moved to Corinth (Acts 18:2). They have since moved on to Ephesus (Rom 16:3-5). Paul asks Corinthians to greet one another with holy kiss. In those days it was a custom to express mutual love and friendship by kiss. These days Christians don’t practice this custom.
Conclusion:
(Read 1 Cor 16:21-24)
Paul writes greetings to Corinthian church with his own hand. Paul says “If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be cursed” (1 Cor 16:22). Only personal relationship with Christ provides freedom from the curse of sin. Our Lord is coming. “Maranatha” is an Aramaic expression used by early Christians to signify the second coming of Christ. Paul concludes the letter by writing “May the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you” (1 Cor 16:23). Salvation from A to Z is by grace. Grace leads to love all who are in Christ. Paul extends his deep love not only to those who agree with him but also to all who disagree with him in the church (1 Cor 16:24). Our understanding of God is the result of his gracious revelation to us. Pray that the Holy Spirit gives you insight into the things of Christ to follow his example. Amen!
