Introduction
The three letters, 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus have been known as Pastoral Epistles. They are the manual for church leadership. These letters contain practical instructions on how to take care of the church of Jesus Christ. There is no evidence in the scriptures that Timothy and Titus were the ordained bishops. Timothy and Titus were sent to the Churches of Ephesus and Crete by Apostle Paul to instruct the believers, how to conduct themselves in the Church. It is the household of God that upholds and supports the truth that God has revealed through His Son Jesus Christ (1 Tim 3:15).
Authorship, Date and place of writing:
There is general agreement among scholars that 1 Timothy is the first pastoral letter written by Paul. 2 Timothy was written just before Paul’s death under Nero. Paul was released from his first imprisonment at Rome in A.D. 63 and allowed to travel. Many scholars believe that during this period (63-64 AD), Paul probably wrote First Timothy from Greece. Paul identified himself as the author of this epistle (1 Tim 1:1, 13, 15). The doctrine of the letter is Paul’s doctrine. The early church as a whole received this letter as authoritative and canonical.
To Whom It was written:
This epistle was addressed to Timothy who was ministering at Ephesus. He was sent to set a standard of behavior for the believers in the church. He was a young resident of Lystra (Act 16:1-3). His father was a Greek and mother was Jewish (2 Tim 1:5). He had a godly upbringing. Timothy most probably came to know Christ through the ministry of Paul on his first missionary journey (Acts 14:8-20). During Paul’s second missionary journey, he decided to take Timothy with him as a fellow worker. Timothy was the beloved son of faith and there was no one like-minded to Paul as Timothy ( Phil 2:20).
Purpose:
Timothy was Paul’s personal envoy to the Church of Ephesus. Being a young man, he was facing opposition from false teachers (3:14, 15). So Paul wrote this letter to instruct and encourage young Timothy in his ministry. He had to silence the false teachers and to set a standard behavior in the church. Believers need to know what is expected of them in the church and how to behave properly. Also Paul wrote this letter to validate Timothy’s credentials for the ministry. Many of the problems Timothy faced, the leaderships in the Church face today. So First Timothy is Paul’s best manual for Church leadership.
Authorship, Date and place of writing:
There is general agreement among scholars that 1 Timothy is the first pastoral letter written by Paul. 2 Timothy was written just before Paul’s death under Nero. Paul was released from his first imprisonment at Rome in A.D. 63 and allowed to travel. Many scholars believe that during this period (63-64 AD), Paul probably wrote First Timothy from Greece. Paul identified himself as the author of this epistle (1 Tim 1:1, 13, 15). The doctrine of the letter is Paul’s doctrine. The early church as a whole received this letter as authoritative and canonical.
To Whom It was written:
This epistle was addressed to Timothy who was ministering at Ephesus. He was sent to set a standard of behavior for the believers in the church. He was a young resident of Lystra (Act 16:1-3). His father was a Greek and mother was Jewish (2 Tim 1:5). He had a godly upbringing. Timothy most probably came to know Christ through the ministry of Paul on his first missionary journey (Acts 14:8-20). During Paul’s second missionary journey, he decided to take Timothy with him as a fellow worker. Timothy was the beloved son of faith and there was no one like-minded to Paul as Timothy ( Phil 2:20).
Purpose:
Timothy was Paul’s personal envoy to the Church of Ephesus. Being a young man, he was facing opposition from false teachers (3:14, 15). So Paul wrote this letter to instruct and encourage young Timothy in his ministry. He had to silence the false teachers and to set a standard behavior in the church. Believers need to know what is expected of them in the church and how to behave properly. Also Paul wrote this letter to validate Timothy’s credentials for the ministry. Many of the problems Timothy faced, the leaderships in the Church face today. So First Timothy is Paul’s best manual for Church leadership.
Chapter 1
Paul‘s instructions concerning Doctrines and Duties: 1:1-20
Greetings: 1 Tim 1:1,2.
Apostle Paul begins the epistle with a standard greeting. He introduces himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ. He was converted and commissioned by Jesus Christ (Acts 9:15). Once he was the persecutor and now he is the preacher of the gospel. His old name was Soul which means “little” ( 1 Sam 15:17). Paul considers himself as the “Least of all saints”, ‘The chief of sinners” and "Least of all apostles" ( Ephesians 3:8; 1 Tim 1;15; 1 Cor 15:9). Apostle means “send one”. They were appointed by Christ, must have seen the risen Christ, endued with power to do miracles and inspired to write the scriptures (1 Cor 12:8-11; 15:8,9; 2 Cor 12:12). The apostles and prophets were the foundation of the church. They proclaimed the truth about Christ and laid the foundation of the church. Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone ( Eph 2:20). There is no apostle in the primary sense today. Paul is an apostle not by self initiative but by divine appointment ( Gal 1:15,16). Apostles were called to preach Jesus Christ ( Col 1:27). Timothy means “He who honors God”. Paul calls him, “My true son in the faith”. Perhaps Timothy got saved through Paul’s ministry at Lystra (Act 14:6-20). Timothy was a fellow worker, beloved son and like-minded believer(Rom 16:21; 2 Tim 1:2; Phil 2:20). Paul greets Timothy with grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Grace for trials and mercy for failures, and peace in times of distress and doubts (2 Cor 12:9; Lam 3:22,23; John 14:27). These blessings come from God the Father and Jesus Christ our Lord (James 1:17). The deity of Christ is implied in this greeting.
Warning against False Teachers: 1 Tim 1:3-4.
When Paul went to Macedonia, he left Timothy at Ephesus to teach and warn believers against false teachers. Also they needed instruction on how they ought to behave in the church (1 Tim 3:15). Only correct doctrines lead to correct behavior. Paul emphasizes the importance of the purity, the purpose and the preservation of the doctrine. Timothy was instructed to take a strong stand against false teachers to protect the church from false doctrine (1 Tim 1:3-7). Many scholars think that the church of Ephesus was facing the false doctrines of legalism and Gnosticism. These doctrines were full of legend, genealogies, myth and fanciful stories. Some scholar think that perhaps they refer to rabbinical teachings and the allegorical interpretations of the Old Testament. Teachings of cults are always characterized by these things. False teaching will lead to doubts, speculations and ungodliness.
The purpose of sound teaching: 1 Tim 1:5.
The study of the Word of God is not to stir doubts but faith in Jesus Christ. Timothy was instructed that the purpose of his ministry is to help believers to be filled with love that comes from a pure heart, clear conscience, and sincere faith. Love is the acid test of our faith. Love never brings division and contention among believers. Our God is not the author of confusion and doubts (1 Cor 14:33). The right belief, love for others and glad obedience give assurance of salvation. Do you love God, fellow believer and obey Christ? Believers are cleansed by the blood of Christ (1 John 1:7). Our love must spring from a pure heart. If one’s inner life is unclean, he can’t love with a pure heart. Good conscience is produced when we are free of offense toward God and men. Clear conscience is the result of confessing our sins. Sincere faith is always genuine and it never pretends to be what it is not.
False Teachers Twist the Truth: 1 Tim 1:6-11.
Paul urges Timothy to confront the false teachers. They do not have the proper understanding of the law. The purpose of the law was to expose sin and to lead us to Christ. Paul provides a list of sins the law reveals and shows how they contrast with gospel of God (1 Tim 1:8-11). They twist the truth and bring great harm to the body of Christ by causing division and ungodliness. These false teachers claim that they are the teachers of the Law. They teach that faith in Christ is not sufficient for salvation. They don’t realize that salvation is by grace through faith in Christ and not by good works. Good works are the result of salvation (Ephesians 2:8-10). The Law is holy and good (Rom 7:12). It reveals the moral character of God. When law is used lawfully it will produce conviction of sin and will lead us to Christ (Gal 3:24; Rom 3:24, 25; 10:4). The Law was not given for the just but for the ungodly. If a man is righteous, he does not need the Law. Christians are not under the law but under grace. But they are not lawless. They are controlled by the Holy Spirit (Gal 3:1-5; Titus 2:11). They live godly life not because of the fear of punishment but are motivated by the love of Christ. The list of sins mentioned in verses 9 and 10 have a close connection with the Ten Commandments. The law always harmonize with the gospel. Paul reminds Timothy that this is the Gospel of the glory of the blessed God
(1 Tim 1:11). It is the message of God’s infinite love and grace offered in Christ.
Christ Jesus Came to Save Sinners. 1 Tim 1:12-17.
This is one of the greatest gospel passage. Paul was grateful for his conversion and his commission to preach the gospel. He realized that his salvation and ministry was obtained through the enabling grace and mercy of God. Formerly Paul was a persecutor, blasphemer and injurious to the followers of Christ. He did it in ignorance and thus obtained mercy (Act 26:9). Paul’s example shows that religious zeal is not enough, it must be combined with truth (Rom 10:2). Regardless of what Paul did before, the grace of the Lord was abundant towards him. Along with grace he received faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. Where sin abounded, grace abounded much more (Rom 5:20). Paul gives thanks for entrusting him with the gospel. "The gospel is the faithful saying, worthy of full acceptance that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners” (1:15). The primary purpose of Christ’s coming was not to teach or to do miracles but to save sinners. He came to do what we could not do ourselves. He came to save us from sin. Paul realized that he was the chief of sinners but God was merciful toward him. No matter how sinful we are, we are not beyond God's saving grace. Paul thanked God for his wonderful grace. Are you thankful to God for his saving grace and mercy? Nobody is outside the the reach of God's saving grace in Christ.
Timothy’s Responsibilities: 1 Tim 1:18-20.
Timothy was entrusted with the responsibility to deal with the false teachers. They were disrupting the work of the church with false teaching (1:18). Timothy was a gifted servant of in the ministry. (4:14). This gave him the confidence to warn believers against false teachers. The spiritual warfare should be fought by the Word of God. Five times in the Pastoral Epistles Paul speaks of good conscience. Clear Conscience is maintained by confessing sins consistently to God (1 Cor 11:31; 1 John 1:9). Paul point out two false teachers in particular. They are "Hymenaeus and Alexander". They have rejected the sound doctrines and shipwreck their faith. Perhaps their false teaching might have corrupted the church also (2 Tim 2:17). They were handed over to Satan by excommunicating them from the church so that they may learn not to blaspheme God (1 Cor 5:3-5). Church discipline must be always for corrective purposes (Matt 18:15). someone has said that "Shipwreck begins with small unconfessed sins". Correct behavior begins with correct doctrine. Pray for wisdom and courage to stand firm on the perfect, and reliable Word of God.
Greetings: 1 Tim 1:1,2.
Apostle Paul begins the epistle with a standard greeting. He introduces himself as an apostle of Jesus Christ. He was converted and commissioned by Jesus Christ (Acts 9:15). Once he was the persecutor and now he is the preacher of the gospel. His old name was Soul which means “little” ( 1 Sam 15:17). Paul considers himself as the “Least of all saints”, ‘The chief of sinners” and "Least of all apostles" ( Ephesians 3:8; 1 Tim 1;15; 1 Cor 15:9). Apostle means “send one”. They were appointed by Christ, must have seen the risen Christ, endued with power to do miracles and inspired to write the scriptures (1 Cor 12:8-11; 15:8,9; 2 Cor 12:12). The apostles and prophets were the foundation of the church. They proclaimed the truth about Christ and laid the foundation of the church. Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone ( Eph 2:20). There is no apostle in the primary sense today. Paul is an apostle not by self initiative but by divine appointment ( Gal 1:15,16). Apostles were called to preach Jesus Christ ( Col 1:27). Timothy means “He who honors God”. Paul calls him, “My true son in the faith”. Perhaps Timothy got saved through Paul’s ministry at Lystra (Act 14:6-20). Timothy was a fellow worker, beloved son and like-minded believer(Rom 16:21; 2 Tim 1:2; Phil 2:20). Paul greets Timothy with grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Grace for trials and mercy for failures, and peace in times of distress and doubts (2 Cor 12:9; Lam 3:22,23; John 14:27). These blessings come from God the Father and Jesus Christ our Lord (James 1:17). The deity of Christ is implied in this greeting.
Warning against False Teachers: 1 Tim 1:3-4.
When Paul went to Macedonia, he left Timothy at Ephesus to teach and warn believers against false teachers. Also they needed instruction on how they ought to behave in the church (1 Tim 3:15). Only correct doctrines lead to correct behavior. Paul emphasizes the importance of the purity, the purpose and the preservation of the doctrine. Timothy was instructed to take a strong stand against false teachers to protect the church from false doctrine (1 Tim 1:3-7). Many scholars think that the church of Ephesus was facing the false doctrines of legalism and Gnosticism. These doctrines were full of legend, genealogies, myth and fanciful stories. Some scholar think that perhaps they refer to rabbinical teachings and the allegorical interpretations of the Old Testament. Teachings of cults are always characterized by these things. False teaching will lead to doubts, speculations and ungodliness.
The purpose of sound teaching: 1 Tim 1:5.
The study of the Word of God is not to stir doubts but faith in Jesus Christ. Timothy was instructed that the purpose of his ministry is to help believers to be filled with love that comes from a pure heart, clear conscience, and sincere faith. Love is the acid test of our faith. Love never brings division and contention among believers. Our God is not the author of confusion and doubts (1 Cor 14:33). The right belief, love for others and glad obedience give assurance of salvation. Do you love God, fellow believer and obey Christ? Believers are cleansed by the blood of Christ (1 John 1:7). Our love must spring from a pure heart. If one’s inner life is unclean, he can’t love with a pure heart. Good conscience is produced when we are free of offense toward God and men. Clear conscience is the result of confessing our sins. Sincere faith is always genuine and it never pretends to be what it is not.
False Teachers Twist the Truth: 1 Tim 1:6-11.
Paul urges Timothy to confront the false teachers. They do not have the proper understanding of the law. The purpose of the law was to expose sin and to lead us to Christ. Paul provides a list of sins the law reveals and shows how they contrast with gospel of God (1 Tim 1:8-11). They twist the truth and bring great harm to the body of Christ by causing division and ungodliness. These false teachers claim that they are the teachers of the Law. They teach that faith in Christ is not sufficient for salvation. They don’t realize that salvation is by grace through faith in Christ and not by good works. Good works are the result of salvation (Ephesians 2:8-10). The Law is holy and good (Rom 7:12). It reveals the moral character of God. When law is used lawfully it will produce conviction of sin and will lead us to Christ (Gal 3:24; Rom 3:24, 25; 10:4). The Law was not given for the just but for the ungodly. If a man is righteous, he does not need the Law. Christians are not under the law but under grace. But they are not lawless. They are controlled by the Holy Spirit (Gal 3:1-5; Titus 2:11). They live godly life not because of the fear of punishment but are motivated by the love of Christ. The list of sins mentioned in verses 9 and 10 have a close connection with the Ten Commandments. The law always harmonize with the gospel. Paul reminds Timothy that this is the Gospel of the glory of the blessed God
(1 Tim 1:11). It is the message of God’s infinite love and grace offered in Christ.
Christ Jesus Came to Save Sinners. 1 Tim 1:12-17.
This is one of the greatest gospel passage. Paul was grateful for his conversion and his commission to preach the gospel. He realized that his salvation and ministry was obtained through the enabling grace and mercy of God. Formerly Paul was a persecutor, blasphemer and injurious to the followers of Christ. He did it in ignorance and thus obtained mercy (Act 26:9). Paul’s example shows that religious zeal is not enough, it must be combined with truth (Rom 10:2). Regardless of what Paul did before, the grace of the Lord was abundant towards him. Along with grace he received faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. Where sin abounded, grace abounded much more (Rom 5:20). Paul gives thanks for entrusting him with the gospel. "The gospel is the faithful saying, worthy of full acceptance that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners” (1:15). The primary purpose of Christ’s coming was not to teach or to do miracles but to save sinners. He came to do what we could not do ourselves. He came to save us from sin. Paul realized that he was the chief of sinners but God was merciful toward him. No matter how sinful we are, we are not beyond God's saving grace. Paul thanked God for his wonderful grace. Are you thankful to God for his saving grace and mercy? Nobody is outside the the reach of God's saving grace in Christ.
Timothy’s Responsibilities: 1 Tim 1:18-20.
Timothy was entrusted with the responsibility to deal with the false teachers. They were disrupting the work of the church with false teaching (1:18). Timothy was a gifted servant of in the ministry. (4:14). This gave him the confidence to warn believers against false teachers. The spiritual warfare should be fought by the Word of God. Five times in the Pastoral Epistles Paul speaks of good conscience. Clear Conscience is maintained by confessing sins consistently to God (1 Cor 11:31; 1 John 1:9). Paul point out two false teachers in particular. They are "Hymenaeus and Alexander". They have rejected the sound doctrines and shipwreck their faith. Perhaps their false teaching might have corrupted the church also (2 Tim 2:17). They were handed over to Satan by excommunicating them from the church so that they may learn not to blaspheme God (1 Cor 5:3-5). Church discipline must be always for corrective purposes (Matt 18:15). someone has said that "Shipwreck begins with small unconfessed sins". Correct behavior begins with correct doctrine. Pray for wisdom and courage to stand firm on the perfect, and reliable Word of God.
Chapter 2
Instructions about Public Prayer.
Importance of Prayer- 1 Tim 2:1-4.
In chapter 2, Paul gives instructions about public prayer. Prayer is believer’s life line to God. It is our privilege and obligation. It is not supplemental but fundamental in Christian life. The early church recognized the importance of corporate prayer ( Act 2:42; 6:4). God’s ears are tuned to our prayers (Psalms 34:15). Prayer is good and acceptable in the sight of God. Prayer includes adoration, supplication, intercession and thanksgivings. Adoration speaks of our devotion and reverence to God. Supplications are made for specific needs. Intercession is the petitions made on behalf of others. Thanksgiving is the expression of our gratitude for all God’s blessings. Prayer is universal in scope. God our Savior wants all people to saved and come to the knowledge of the truth (2:3, 4; Ezekiel 33:11; 2 pet 3:9). This does not mean that everyone will get saved finally. God loves all despite their rejection of him (John 3:19). It remains a mystery that God remains merciful even toward those who refuse to trust Christ. Christians are obligated to pray for those in authority. The purpose of this prayer is that we may live a peaceful and quiet life without disturbance. At that time church was facing terrible persecution from Roman emperor Nero. Yet believers are commanded to pray for those who were in authority.
There is Only One Mediator: 1 Tim 2:5-7.
For there in one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus. He is both God and man. In Paul’s day, Gnostic religion considered angels as mediators. Today the professing church considers saints and others as mediators. Only Christ gave His life as a ransom for our sin and he is the only mediator. The death of Jesus was for the whole world. But only those who believe in Christ will be saved. Christ is the only Savior because He is the only mediator to represent both God and man (1 Tim 2:5). We are saved to live godly life. Paul states that he was divinely appointed as a preacher and an apostle and a teacher to the gentiles. The primary purpose of a preacher is to proclaim the gospel to every creature (Mark 16:15). Apostle is the one who is sent with authority to preach the gospel and plant the churches. A teacher expounds the Bible with accuracy, clarity, relevance and simplicity.
Instruction about Public Prayer in the Church: 1 Tim 2:8-10.
Prayer is very important and should be properly done in the church. Paul already explained the universal scope of prayer (1 Tim 2:1-7). We have a mediator in heaven, Jesus Christ through whom we pray. Paul instructs men to lead public prayer in the Church, lifting their holy hands. For our prayer should be answered, we must be free from sin, anger, controversy and doubts (1 Tim 2:8; Psalm 24:3, 4: Isaiah 59:1, 2). It should come from hearts that have been changed by the gospel. Women should be modest in their appearance and should wear appropriate clothing when they come to worship God (2:10). They should not attract attention to themselves but God by their behavior. In God’s sight women are no way inferior to men but are equal in all respect (Gal 3:28). At the foot of cross all are equal. Those who say, Paul was a woman hater, undermine the inspiration of the Scripture (2 Peter 1:21). Women should attract others to Christ by their natural demeanor (1 Peter 3:1, 2).
God’s Order in Creation: 1 Tim 2:11-15.
Paul wants women not to violate the roles set up by God in creation. Women are allowed to exercise authority over men in the church (1 Tim 2:11-14). Paul advises that women should listen and learn quietly with submission (1 Tim 2:11;1 Cor 14:34). The reference here may be to wives. Paul gives two reasons for that. This is God’s order and chain of command from creation (Gen 2:21-22). Woman was created as suitable helper for man (Gen 2:20). The second reason is that Eve was deceived first and Adam was not. Adam sinned by his own choice. Women are vulnerable and can be easily deceived (2 Tim 3:6). However they are the heirs of eternal salvation and God’s blessings. They are permitted to teach children and young women (2 Tim 3:15; Titus 2:4). 2:15 is one of the most difficult verses in the New Testament to interpret. Scholarly interpretations vary regarding this verse. Some suggest that Verse 15 is a reference to the incarnation of Christ as promised to Eve (Gen 3:15). “She will be saved by the birth of the Child”. This does not mean that every mother is going to heaven. Parents do have the responsibility to raise their children in the fear and admonition of the Lord. When children are lost due to parent’s neglect and worldliness, how can they be found dignified before God? This letter was written to instruct how to behave in a dignified way in the church. God does all things for our good and for his glory. May God enable our dear sisters to achieve the God ordained dignity and honor in our homes and churches.
Importance of Prayer- 1 Tim 2:1-4.
In chapter 2, Paul gives instructions about public prayer. Prayer is believer’s life line to God. It is our privilege and obligation. It is not supplemental but fundamental in Christian life. The early church recognized the importance of corporate prayer ( Act 2:42; 6:4). God’s ears are tuned to our prayers (Psalms 34:15). Prayer is good and acceptable in the sight of God. Prayer includes adoration, supplication, intercession and thanksgivings. Adoration speaks of our devotion and reverence to God. Supplications are made for specific needs. Intercession is the petitions made on behalf of others. Thanksgiving is the expression of our gratitude for all God’s blessings. Prayer is universal in scope. God our Savior wants all people to saved and come to the knowledge of the truth (2:3, 4; Ezekiel 33:11; 2 pet 3:9). This does not mean that everyone will get saved finally. God loves all despite their rejection of him (John 3:19). It remains a mystery that God remains merciful even toward those who refuse to trust Christ. Christians are obligated to pray for those in authority. The purpose of this prayer is that we may live a peaceful and quiet life without disturbance. At that time church was facing terrible persecution from Roman emperor Nero. Yet believers are commanded to pray for those who were in authority.
There is Only One Mediator: 1 Tim 2:5-7.
For there in one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus. He is both God and man. In Paul’s day, Gnostic religion considered angels as mediators. Today the professing church considers saints and others as mediators. Only Christ gave His life as a ransom for our sin and he is the only mediator. The death of Jesus was for the whole world. But only those who believe in Christ will be saved. Christ is the only Savior because He is the only mediator to represent both God and man (1 Tim 2:5). We are saved to live godly life. Paul states that he was divinely appointed as a preacher and an apostle and a teacher to the gentiles. The primary purpose of a preacher is to proclaim the gospel to every creature (Mark 16:15). Apostle is the one who is sent with authority to preach the gospel and plant the churches. A teacher expounds the Bible with accuracy, clarity, relevance and simplicity.
Instruction about Public Prayer in the Church: 1 Tim 2:8-10.
Prayer is very important and should be properly done in the church. Paul already explained the universal scope of prayer (1 Tim 2:1-7). We have a mediator in heaven, Jesus Christ through whom we pray. Paul instructs men to lead public prayer in the Church, lifting their holy hands. For our prayer should be answered, we must be free from sin, anger, controversy and doubts (1 Tim 2:8; Psalm 24:3, 4: Isaiah 59:1, 2). It should come from hearts that have been changed by the gospel. Women should be modest in their appearance and should wear appropriate clothing when they come to worship God (2:10). They should not attract attention to themselves but God by their behavior. In God’s sight women are no way inferior to men but are equal in all respect (Gal 3:28). At the foot of cross all are equal. Those who say, Paul was a woman hater, undermine the inspiration of the Scripture (2 Peter 1:21). Women should attract others to Christ by their natural demeanor (1 Peter 3:1, 2).
God’s Order in Creation: 1 Tim 2:11-15.
Paul wants women not to violate the roles set up by God in creation. Women are allowed to exercise authority over men in the church (1 Tim 2:11-14). Paul advises that women should listen and learn quietly with submission (1 Tim 2:11;1 Cor 14:34). The reference here may be to wives. Paul gives two reasons for that. This is God’s order and chain of command from creation (Gen 2:21-22). Woman was created as suitable helper for man (Gen 2:20). The second reason is that Eve was deceived first and Adam was not. Adam sinned by his own choice. Women are vulnerable and can be easily deceived (2 Tim 3:6). However they are the heirs of eternal salvation and God’s blessings. They are permitted to teach children and young women (2 Tim 3:15; Titus 2:4). 2:15 is one of the most difficult verses in the New Testament to interpret. Scholarly interpretations vary regarding this verse. Some suggest that Verse 15 is a reference to the incarnation of Christ as promised to Eve (Gen 3:15). “She will be saved by the birth of the Child”. This does not mean that every mother is going to heaven. Parents do have the responsibility to raise their children in the fear and admonition of the Lord. When children are lost due to parent’s neglect and worldliness, how can they be found dignified before God? This letter was written to instruct how to behave in a dignified way in the church. God does all things for our good and for his glory. May God enable our dear sisters to achieve the God ordained dignity and honor in our homes and churches.
Chapter 3
Leadership in the local Church
The Responsibilities of Elders: 1 Tim 3:1.
Paul turns his attention to church leadership. The church is both universal and local (Matt 16:18; 18:17). The church or ‘Ekklesia’ is the gathering of “called out” or born again people. In the church there is no such thing as clergy and laity division. All believers are priests unto God (1 Pet 2:9). Church is a living organism but it is also a divine organization where everything should be done properly and in order
(1 Cor 14:40). Every local church is led by elders. They exercise pastoral care among God’s people. They are interchangeably called Bishop, Elders and presbyter in the New Testament (Acts 20:28, 17; Titus 1:5, 7). Elders speaks of maturity. Bishop means overseer. Elder speaks of Shepherding, caring and feeding of the flock. Their primary function is to guide believers by good example, to feed them from the scriptures, to guard them from errors and to nurture them spiritually. They are accountable to each other and to the Lord (Heb 13:17). Elders are not perfect. When mistakes are made, they should repent and correct their behavior. It is a hard and demanding job. They should encourage and train qualified believers to become leaders. In the Old Testament, priests were instructed to retire at age 50 because of the heavy nature of their duties (Num 8:23-26).
Elders are ordained of God:
Elders are divinely ordained to watch over believers and maintain orderliness in the local church (1 Pet 5:2; Titus 1:5). Shepherding is the spiritual ministry. It demands devotion to the Lord and love for believers (Acts 6:2, 4). They are responsible to encourage believers in their walk with the Lord. They are ordained of the Holy Spirit (Acts 20:28). The responsibility of the believers is to recognize those who meet the qualifications and have the desire to serve God's people. If a church does not have qualified elders, believers should pray that the Lord would raise elders in their midst.
Plurality of Elders:
There is plurality of elders in the local church (Acts 11:30; 14:23; 20:17-28; Phil 1:1; Titus 1:5). Plurality is necessary for shared responsibility and accountability among elders. The scripture does not teach that a local church is ruled by majority opinion or by one pastor. Elders have equal office, equal honor, equal privileges and responsibilities. There is no place for individualism when it comes to leadership in the local church. Every self centered Diotrephes can bring much damage to the work of God (III John 1:9). Titus was instructed to appoint elders in each town. Because at that time church did not have the written Word of God to recognize them (Titus 1:5). Paul instructs Timothy to commit the Word to faithful men who will be able to teach others (2 Tim 2:2). God appointed elders to oversee, to watch over and to feed the flocks. A church without elders for a long period of time is not scripturally healthy. Elders are worthy of respect because of their hard work among believers (1 Thess 5:12, 13). They should be recognized and obeyed (Heb 13:17). Lack of submission to them will bring judgment and the church will suffer spiritually (Matt 18:17). How thankful that we have the Word of God to guide us today. The believers have the responsibility to pray for the leadership in the local church.
The qualifications of Elders: 1 Tim 3:2-7.
Those who desire for leadership in the church should meet the qualifications. These qualifications demonstrate a well-balanced life of godliness. The church should recognize elders who are appointed by the Holy Spirit. Paul gives the personal, family and spiritual qualifications of elders.
The Qualifications of Deacons. 1 Tim 3:8-13.
The deacons deserve our respected for their hard work. The Lord may grant them the opportunity to serve Him in different capacity. Stephen served as a teacher and Philip as an evangelist. It is sad that too many pastors have to do the duties of deacons and neglect the ministry of prayer and teaching (Act 6:2, 4). Let us pray that the Lord may raise many faithful elders and deacons in the churches.
The Mystery of Godliness. 1 Tim 3:14-16.
The church is a divine institution and all its functions are sacred. The church is the place where God most clearly manifests his presence (1 Cor 14:25). The church is the pillar and ground of truth. The believers are the household of God. The church family has been appointed to uphold and support the truth that God has revealed through Christ (1 Tim 3:15). It is not only done through the proclamation of the Word but also by living our transformed lives. Christ himself is the source of all godly conduct. Paul explains his motives in writing the importance of believer’s conduct in the church. He wanted to visit Timothy soon but there is a possibility of delay. So Paul instructs Timothy how believers ought to behave in the house of God. The emphasis here is the order and structure of local church. The church is the household of the living God. It is a divine organism. Mystery means, truth once unknown but now revealed. This is the truth concerning godliness which enables men to live godly. It simply means Christ-likeness. Godliness is profitable for all things (1 Tim 4:8; 6:6). This is a great mystery because it is concerning the person and work of Jesus Christ. God was manifested in the flesh. Christ became human to provide salvation (John 1:14). He was justified by the Spirit. He was proved to be all he claimed. His baptism, death, transfiguration, resurrection and ascension testify of the truthfulness of His claims (Matt 3:15-17, 17:5; Rom 1:3, 4; John 16:10). He was seen of angels. The holy angels witnessed his birth, served him in his temptation, his agony, his resurrection and his ascension (Luke 2:9; Mark 1:13; Luke 22:43; Matt 28:2; Act 1:10). He is preached among the nations. His Gospel is preached everywhere. Christ is gloriously ascended to heaven. Jesus is coming again to take us to glory. Christ is the source and essence of godliness. Do you experience his transforming power in your life?
The Responsibilities of Elders: 1 Tim 3:1.
Paul turns his attention to church leadership. The church is both universal and local (Matt 16:18; 18:17). The church or ‘Ekklesia’ is the gathering of “called out” or born again people. In the church there is no such thing as clergy and laity division. All believers are priests unto God (1 Pet 2:9). Church is a living organism but it is also a divine organization where everything should be done properly and in order
(1 Cor 14:40). Every local church is led by elders. They exercise pastoral care among God’s people. They are interchangeably called Bishop, Elders and presbyter in the New Testament (Acts 20:28, 17; Titus 1:5, 7). Elders speaks of maturity. Bishop means overseer. Elder speaks of Shepherding, caring and feeding of the flock. Their primary function is to guide believers by good example, to feed them from the scriptures, to guard them from errors and to nurture them spiritually. They are accountable to each other and to the Lord (Heb 13:17). Elders are not perfect. When mistakes are made, they should repent and correct their behavior. It is a hard and demanding job. They should encourage and train qualified believers to become leaders. In the Old Testament, priests were instructed to retire at age 50 because of the heavy nature of their duties (Num 8:23-26).
Elders are ordained of God:
Elders are divinely ordained to watch over believers and maintain orderliness in the local church (1 Pet 5:2; Titus 1:5). Shepherding is the spiritual ministry. It demands devotion to the Lord and love for believers (Acts 6:2, 4). They are responsible to encourage believers in their walk with the Lord. They are ordained of the Holy Spirit (Acts 20:28). The responsibility of the believers is to recognize those who meet the qualifications and have the desire to serve God's people. If a church does not have qualified elders, believers should pray that the Lord would raise elders in their midst.
Plurality of Elders:
There is plurality of elders in the local church (Acts 11:30; 14:23; 20:17-28; Phil 1:1; Titus 1:5). Plurality is necessary for shared responsibility and accountability among elders. The scripture does not teach that a local church is ruled by majority opinion or by one pastor. Elders have equal office, equal honor, equal privileges and responsibilities. There is no place for individualism when it comes to leadership in the local church. Every self centered Diotrephes can bring much damage to the work of God (III John 1:9). Titus was instructed to appoint elders in each town. Because at that time church did not have the written Word of God to recognize them (Titus 1:5). Paul instructs Timothy to commit the Word to faithful men who will be able to teach others (2 Tim 2:2). God appointed elders to oversee, to watch over and to feed the flocks. A church without elders for a long period of time is not scripturally healthy. Elders are worthy of respect because of their hard work among believers (1 Thess 5:12, 13). They should be recognized and obeyed (Heb 13:17). Lack of submission to them will bring judgment and the church will suffer spiritually (Matt 18:17). How thankful that we have the Word of God to guide us today. The believers have the responsibility to pray for the leadership in the local church.
The qualifications of Elders: 1 Tim 3:2-7.
Those who desire for leadership in the church should meet the qualifications. These qualifications demonstrate a well-balanced life of godliness. The church should recognize elders who are appointed by the Holy Spirit. Paul gives the personal, family and spiritual qualifications of elders.
- An elder must be blameless both in his own house and in the society. This does mean that he is sinless but above reproach. If he makes mistakes, he must be willing to make it right both with God and men.
- An elder must desire and be willing to shoulder his responsibilities.
- He must be the husband of one wife. An elder must not be a divorced man. His moral life must be above reproach.
- He should be vigilant and watchful over spiritual matters.
- He should be sober minded to discern the spiritual matters.
- An elder must be of good behavior or orderly.
- He must be hospitable or lover of people.
- He must be willing to teach and feed the people of God (1 Pet 5:2). His teaching should be Christ centered, clear and consistent. He should rightly divide the truth to silence those who bring false doctrines in the church.
- An elder must not be a drunkard. Alcoholic addiction can cause quarrels and abusive behavior.
- He must not be violent but gentle.
- He must not be greedy. The love of money can ruin his testimony. He should be concerned with spiritual matter rather than material things (Col 3:1).
- He must manage his own household well by giving loving leadership. Otherwise how can he take care of the church of God?
- An elder must not be a new convert. His work requires experience and spiritual maturity in the faith. Otherwise he can bring judgment on himself as happened to Satan because of his pride. An elder must have a good reputation in the community so that he may not fall into disgrace (1 Tim 3:7).
The Qualifications of Deacons. 1 Tim 3:8-13.
- There are two scriptural officers in the local church. They are elders and deacons. The elders or pastors are responsible for the spiritual affairs of the church whereas deacons are responsible for the physical affairs. Deacon means servant. The origin of this office and its main functions are described in the sixth chapter of the book of Acts. They were chosen to wait on tables and minister the material needs of believers. This could relieve the elders from things that interfere their ministry (Act 6:4). Paul provides qualifications for deacons as well.
- Deacon must be reverent or dignified.
- They must not be double –tongued but consistent in their report.
- A deacon must not be addicted to wine.
- He must not be greedy for money.
- He must be grounded in the faith and his behavior should be consistent.
- He must first be tested. A new convert must not be thrust into this office. He must be blameless. His personal life and public life must be above reproach.
- Their wives likewise must be dignified, not slanderers, but sober-minded and faithful in all things.
- Deacon must be faithful in all practical matters of the church.
- A deacon must rule his own household well. His children should be obedient and have a good testimony.
The deacons deserve our respected for their hard work. The Lord may grant them the opportunity to serve Him in different capacity. Stephen served as a teacher and Philip as an evangelist. It is sad that too many pastors have to do the duties of deacons and neglect the ministry of prayer and teaching (Act 6:2, 4). Let us pray that the Lord may raise many faithful elders and deacons in the churches.
The Mystery of Godliness. 1 Tim 3:14-16.
The church is a divine institution and all its functions are sacred. The church is the place where God most clearly manifests his presence (1 Cor 14:25). The church is the pillar and ground of truth. The believers are the household of God. The church family has been appointed to uphold and support the truth that God has revealed through Christ (1 Tim 3:15). It is not only done through the proclamation of the Word but also by living our transformed lives. Christ himself is the source of all godly conduct. Paul explains his motives in writing the importance of believer’s conduct in the church. He wanted to visit Timothy soon but there is a possibility of delay. So Paul instructs Timothy how believers ought to behave in the house of God. The emphasis here is the order and structure of local church. The church is the household of the living God. It is a divine organism. Mystery means, truth once unknown but now revealed. This is the truth concerning godliness which enables men to live godly. It simply means Christ-likeness. Godliness is profitable for all things (1 Tim 4:8; 6:6). This is a great mystery because it is concerning the person and work of Jesus Christ. God was manifested in the flesh. Christ became human to provide salvation (John 1:14). He was justified by the Spirit. He was proved to be all he claimed. His baptism, death, transfiguration, resurrection and ascension testify of the truthfulness of His claims (Matt 3:15-17, 17:5; Rom 1:3, 4; John 16:10). He was seen of angels. The holy angels witnessed his birth, served him in his temptation, his agony, his resurrection and his ascension (Luke 2:9; Mark 1:13; Luke 22:43; Matt 28:2; Act 1:10). He is preached among the nations. His Gospel is preached everywhere. Christ is gloriously ascended to heaven. Jesus is coming again to take us to glory. Christ is the source and essence of godliness. Do you experience his transforming power in your life?
Chapter 4
Warning against False Teachers
Beware of False Teachers: 1 Tim 4:1-5.
Christians must be on guard against Satan’s counterfeits and false teachers. Paul warns that in the last days some will depart from the once for all given faith. This defection was already predicted by Christ and apostles (Matt 7:15; Acts 20:29, 30). Christians are warned to stay away from such false teachers. They follow deceptive spirits and teachings of demons. Though false teachers pretend to be religious, they are hypocrites and liars. Their conscience is hardened by suppressing the truth (Rom 1:18). They teach that moral purity is achieved by avoiding marriage and certain food. Christ is the source of godliness. There is nothing unholy about marriage. God himself instituted marriage with blessing (Gen 2:22-25). A bishop must be the husband of one wife. Forced celibacy is not biblical. God created all things for our enjoyment with thanksgiving. False teachers willfully forget that the source godliness is Christ. They attempt to to replace the gospel of grace with good work. God never intended us to refrain from marriage and food to attain higher holiness. Such teaching may have connection to the idea of reincarnation that teaches human soul may return to live in animal. The food itself has no moral quality (Rom 14:14). Both marriage and foods are given for the preservation of the human race (6:17). All good gifts come from God and should be received with thanksgiving (James 1:17).
Be a Good Servant of Christ: 1 Tim 4:6-10.
After warning Timothy against false teachers, Paul exhorts him to be a good minister of Jesus Christ. A good servant of God ministers to the spiritual needs of God’s people and warns them against false teachers. A servant of God should rightly divide the Word of God and seek God's approval. He must not watered-down the clear teaching of the Word of God. He should resist and avoid myths and train himself in godliness. Even though Paul oppose abstinence, he is by no means oppose to spiritual discipline for the purpose of godliness (4:7-8). Bodily exercise has benefits for the body. It takes determination and self discipline. Godliness is good for body, spirit and soul. It is good and profitable for the present life and also for the life to come. Godliness is Christ-likeness. It is of eternal value. Legalism is self efforts to gain favor from God. Those who are godly obey God because they love God and want to please Him. Christ’s atoning sacrifice has made provision for the salvation of the world (John 1:29). This does not mean that all will be saved universally. Jesus is the potential Savior of all and actual Savior of those who trust Him. So Paul strives to make Jesus known to all. Pray that the Lord would give you strength to live for him.
Encouragement to Timothy 1 Tim 4:11-13.
Paul exhorts Timothy who was probably in his late thirties to give attention to sound doctrine. He was comparatively young and probably ministering among elderly believers at Ephesus. Timothy was exhorted to live a godly life to become an example to others. His public ministry and the private life should be Christ centered so that no one would despise him. Paul says "Let your speech be edifying and your conduct be blameless". Paul encourages Timothy to focus on public reading of the scriptures because the copy of the Scripture was available to very few people at that time. He was also encouraged to exhort and teach believers. A servant of God must give attention to sound doctrine because it is the basis of Christian behavior.
Timothy and the Spiritual Gift: 1 Tim 4: 14-16.
Timothy was entrusted with spiritual gift. We are not told what that gift was. In light of his ministry in the church, Timothy might be a pastor-teacher. His gift was made known by prophecy (4:14). Spiritual gifts are given for the edification of the church. When gifts are not used, we quench the Holy Spirit
(1 Thess 5:19, 20). The laying of hands was only a symbolic action of acknowledging his gift. When it is evident to the elders that a believer is gifted, he may be used for the edification of the church. When the New Testament was not complete, God's will was made known by prophecy. Paul encouraged Timothy to prove his gift by giving himself fully to the ministry. Paul exhorts Timothy about the importance of his personal life and ministry. A servant of God should give attention to his spiritual growth and remain faithful in the ministry. Then only he can save himself and believers from false teachers. Our ministry should be motivated and empowered by the grace of God (1 Cor 15:10).
Beware of False Teachers: 1 Tim 4:1-5.
Christians must be on guard against Satan’s counterfeits and false teachers. Paul warns that in the last days some will depart from the once for all given faith. This defection was already predicted by Christ and apostles (Matt 7:15; Acts 20:29, 30). Christians are warned to stay away from such false teachers. They follow deceptive spirits and teachings of demons. Though false teachers pretend to be religious, they are hypocrites and liars. Their conscience is hardened by suppressing the truth (Rom 1:18). They teach that moral purity is achieved by avoiding marriage and certain food. Christ is the source of godliness. There is nothing unholy about marriage. God himself instituted marriage with blessing (Gen 2:22-25). A bishop must be the husband of one wife. Forced celibacy is not biblical. God created all things for our enjoyment with thanksgiving. False teachers willfully forget that the source godliness is Christ. They attempt to to replace the gospel of grace with good work. God never intended us to refrain from marriage and food to attain higher holiness. Such teaching may have connection to the idea of reincarnation that teaches human soul may return to live in animal. The food itself has no moral quality (Rom 14:14). Both marriage and foods are given for the preservation of the human race (6:17). All good gifts come from God and should be received with thanksgiving (James 1:17).
Be a Good Servant of Christ: 1 Tim 4:6-10.
After warning Timothy against false teachers, Paul exhorts him to be a good minister of Jesus Christ. A good servant of God ministers to the spiritual needs of God’s people and warns them against false teachers. A servant of God should rightly divide the Word of God and seek God's approval. He must not watered-down the clear teaching of the Word of God. He should resist and avoid myths and train himself in godliness. Even though Paul oppose abstinence, he is by no means oppose to spiritual discipline for the purpose of godliness (4:7-8). Bodily exercise has benefits for the body. It takes determination and self discipline. Godliness is good for body, spirit and soul. It is good and profitable for the present life and also for the life to come. Godliness is Christ-likeness. It is of eternal value. Legalism is self efforts to gain favor from God. Those who are godly obey God because they love God and want to please Him. Christ’s atoning sacrifice has made provision for the salvation of the world (John 1:29). This does not mean that all will be saved universally. Jesus is the potential Savior of all and actual Savior of those who trust Him. So Paul strives to make Jesus known to all. Pray that the Lord would give you strength to live for him.
Encouragement to Timothy 1 Tim 4:11-13.
Paul exhorts Timothy who was probably in his late thirties to give attention to sound doctrine. He was comparatively young and probably ministering among elderly believers at Ephesus. Timothy was exhorted to live a godly life to become an example to others. His public ministry and the private life should be Christ centered so that no one would despise him. Paul says "Let your speech be edifying and your conduct be blameless". Paul encourages Timothy to focus on public reading of the scriptures because the copy of the Scripture was available to very few people at that time. He was also encouraged to exhort and teach believers. A servant of God must give attention to sound doctrine because it is the basis of Christian behavior.
Timothy and the Spiritual Gift: 1 Tim 4: 14-16.
Timothy was entrusted with spiritual gift. We are not told what that gift was. In light of his ministry in the church, Timothy might be a pastor-teacher. His gift was made known by prophecy (4:14). Spiritual gifts are given for the edification of the church. When gifts are not used, we quench the Holy Spirit
(1 Thess 5:19, 20). The laying of hands was only a symbolic action of acknowledging his gift. When it is evident to the elders that a believer is gifted, he may be used for the edification of the church. When the New Testament was not complete, God's will was made known by prophecy. Paul encouraged Timothy to prove his gift by giving himself fully to the ministry. Paul exhorts Timothy about the importance of his personal life and ministry. A servant of God should give attention to his spiritual growth and remain faithful in the ministry. Then only he can save himself and believers from false teachers. Our ministry should be motivated and empowered by the grace of God (1 Cor 15:10).
Chapter 5
Instructions about treatment of individuals in the church
Treatment of Church Members: 1 Tim 5:1, 2.
Paul gives instruction about Christian behavior in this Chapter. Servants of God need wisdom, sympathy, skill and patience to deal with people. Being young, Timothy might have tempted to become impatient in his dealing with others. The interpersonal relationship is very important in the church. Servants of God must treat others with respect. How beautiful when we treat one another properly as fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters in the household of God. Timothy was encouraged not rebuke an older man but treat him respectfully as his own father. Younger men should be treated as brothers. Older women must be treated as mothers and younger women as sisters in all purity. There should not be any appearance of evil in our interactions. The reputation and ministry of many servants of God are destroyed because of carelessness in this area. When we behave properly, the gospel becomes more attractive.
The Widows: 1 Tim 5:3-16.
Next Paul gives advise about caring for widows. The early church had recognized its responsibility towards the widows in their midst (Acts 6:1). It seems instead of supporting themselves from their own resources, some of the widows were relying on the church for their support. So Paul gives guide-lines to Timothy, how to deal with this delicate issue in the church. The widows who are left with no relatives and have no resources should be assisted financially by the church. If they have children, it is their obligation to care for these widows. Those who don’t care for their own are worse than unbelievers. There are widows indeed and widows who live for pleasure. A widow must be blameless and abounding in good works. she should be old and having been the wife of one husband, hospitable and was devoted to good work. Supporting such widows demonstrates the principles of the gospel. Younger widows should not be supported by church. Because they may desire remarry unbelievers. When young widows are supported they are likely to become lazy and spend their time in gossiping. The church should never encourage such behavior. Therefore it is preferable that young widows marry, bear children and take care of their own households. It is God’s design for woman to marry and bear children. By rearing children in the fear of God, they would be able to restore their lost significance (1 Tim 2:15). Paul approves remarriage “in the Lord” (Rom 7:7). If a widow has children, let them take care of her so that the church could take care of those who are in need. The grace shown to you may shine through you to others in need.
Elders are worthy of double honor: 1 Tim 5:17-25.
Paul gives advice about the leadership in the church and their support (1 Tim 5:17-18). Elders and Pastors who do their work well should be counted worthy of double honor. They deserve our respect and financial support because of their hard work. Paul compares them with an ox in the harvesting field. Ox is not deprived of a share of the grain harvested. Those who are called to preach should live by their ministry (1 Cor 9:7-11). An accusation against an elder is serious matter and must be established by the testimony of two or three eye witnesses. When an elder is found guilty, he should be rebuked before all and it to be done without partiality. This principle is applicable to all Christians (Matt 18:15-20). Never be in a hurry to recognize elders whose characters are unknown to the church. Many elders have been recognized too young and too soon. Timothy is exhorted not to participate in the sin of others by recognizing them before their character is proven. Timothy was instructed to drink little wine for his stomach’s sake and for his infirmities. This verse does not give justification for drunkenness. Pray that the Lord would raise good elders in your churches.
Treatment of Church Members: 1 Tim 5:1, 2.
Paul gives instruction about Christian behavior in this Chapter. Servants of God need wisdom, sympathy, skill and patience to deal with people. Being young, Timothy might have tempted to become impatient in his dealing with others. The interpersonal relationship is very important in the church. Servants of God must treat others with respect. How beautiful when we treat one another properly as fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters in the household of God. Timothy was encouraged not rebuke an older man but treat him respectfully as his own father. Younger men should be treated as brothers. Older women must be treated as mothers and younger women as sisters in all purity. There should not be any appearance of evil in our interactions. The reputation and ministry of many servants of God are destroyed because of carelessness in this area. When we behave properly, the gospel becomes more attractive.
The Widows: 1 Tim 5:3-16.
Next Paul gives advise about caring for widows. The early church had recognized its responsibility towards the widows in their midst (Acts 6:1). It seems instead of supporting themselves from their own resources, some of the widows were relying on the church for their support. So Paul gives guide-lines to Timothy, how to deal with this delicate issue in the church. The widows who are left with no relatives and have no resources should be assisted financially by the church. If they have children, it is their obligation to care for these widows. Those who don’t care for their own are worse than unbelievers. There are widows indeed and widows who live for pleasure. A widow must be blameless and abounding in good works. she should be old and having been the wife of one husband, hospitable and was devoted to good work. Supporting such widows demonstrates the principles of the gospel. Younger widows should not be supported by church. Because they may desire remarry unbelievers. When young widows are supported they are likely to become lazy and spend their time in gossiping. The church should never encourage such behavior. Therefore it is preferable that young widows marry, bear children and take care of their own households. It is God’s design for woman to marry and bear children. By rearing children in the fear of God, they would be able to restore their lost significance (1 Tim 2:15). Paul approves remarriage “in the Lord” (Rom 7:7). If a widow has children, let them take care of her so that the church could take care of those who are in need. The grace shown to you may shine through you to others in need.
Elders are worthy of double honor: 1 Tim 5:17-25.
Paul gives advice about the leadership in the church and their support (1 Tim 5:17-18). Elders and Pastors who do their work well should be counted worthy of double honor. They deserve our respect and financial support because of their hard work. Paul compares them with an ox in the harvesting field. Ox is not deprived of a share of the grain harvested. Those who are called to preach should live by their ministry (1 Cor 9:7-11). An accusation against an elder is serious matter and must be established by the testimony of two or three eye witnesses. When an elder is found guilty, he should be rebuked before all and it to be done without partiality. This principle is applicable to all Christians (Matt 18:15-20). Never be in a hurry to recognize elders whose characters are unknown to the church. Many elders have been recognized too young and too soon. Timothy is exhorted not to participate in the sin of others by recognizing them before their character is proven. Timothy was instructed to drink little wine for his stomach’s sake and for his infirmities. This verse does not give justification for drunkenness. Pray that the Lord would raise good elders in your churches.
Chapter 6
Be a Man of God
Church and the institution of Slavery: 1 Tim 6:1-2.
Paul warns Timothy against anyone who teaches a different doctrine that does not agree with the teaching of Lord Jesus Christ. When Paul wrote this epistle, the institution of slavery was universal in the Roman Empire. Many believers were slaves, serving under unbelieving masters. Paul advices that they should obey their master so that the name of God should not be slandered. Christians are exhorted to honor those who are in authority. The institution of slavery was not openly condemned in the New Testament. But as the teachings of the gospel spread, the abuse of slavery has been abolished. Though there is common brotherhood in Christ our social differences are not abolished. When a believing master is a brother in Christ, it should motivate the believing slave to serve him faithfully. Where the spirit of Christian brotherhood exist, our mutual love and respect can make life happier in any circumstances. When local church meets together there should not be any social distinction.
False Teachers and the Love of Money: 1 Tim 6:3-10.
Paul reminds Timothy that sound doctrine is necessary for godly living. Unhealthy teaching stirs up envy, strife, slander, evil suspicions and constant friction in the church. False teachers think godliness in terms of making money. But Paul adds that godliness with contentment is great gain (6:6). Contentment is a learned habit (Phil 4:12). It is finding true satisfaction with what has provided. Real contentment is independent of either poverty or wealth. Contentment coupled with godliness will bring great blessing. Paul says, ”For we brought nothing into the world and we cannot take anything out of the world”. The Lord knows our needs. We should be content with food, clothing and a place to live (Matt 6:33). Paul warns against the peril of covetousness. Greed and contentment will never go together. We cannot serve two masters (Luke 16:13). Those who desire to become rich fall into many temptations. They also fall into harmful desires that lead to destruction (1 Tim 6:9). The love of money is the root of all kinds of evils. Greed for material things can ruin our souls. Christians should seek the things above (Col 3:1).
Timothy, Be a Man of God: 1 Tim 6:11-16.
Timothy is addressed here as a "Man of God" (1 Tim 6:11). Scholars suggest that Timothy is the only one addressed in this manner in the New Testament. Someone has suggested that this phrase is used 78 time in the whole Bible and only twice in the New Testament (1 Tim 6:11; 2 Tim 3:17). This phrase is used in the Old testament to designate prophets (Deut 33:1). This describes of a man who is godlike in behavior. He should flee from all evils and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, steadfastness and gentleness. Pursuing personal and practical righteousness is a continuous action. He should flee from pride and vanity of false teachers and fight the good fight of faith. He should strive for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. He should take hold of eternal life that God has given him. Timothy was a saved person and possessed eternal life. He also confessed his faith before many witnesses through his baptism. Now Paul commands Timothy before God and Jesus Christ to obey the commandments until the appearing of Jesus Christ. The coming of Christ is the great motivation for godly living (1 John 3:1-3). After his solemn exhortation Paul gives the glorious doxology. At the appearing of the Lord Jesus, believers will receive reward for their faithful service. One day the world will acknowledge that Jesus is the King of kings and Lord of lords. Christ is the only one worthy of our praise. He alone is sovereign, immortal and unapproachable (6:16). What a glorious Savior we serve!
Instructions to the Rich: 1 Tim 6:17-21.
Paul warns Timothy against the peril of covetousness. It is not sinful to be rich. Jesus never condemned rich man because he was rich. But He warns against putting false confidence in riches rather than becoming rich toward God (Luke 12:21). Those who place their trust in uncertain riches will be disappointed. God provides us with everything to enjoy (6:17). This knowledge is the secret of true happiness. Christians are only stewards of their wealth. The proper attitude toward riches is to use it for the good of others. By doing this, they store up treasures in heaven. This is the best investment we can make. Paul finally exhorts Timothy to guard what was committed to him. He was committed with the truth of the gospel of grace. In order to be faithful steward of the truth, Timothy should avoid the godless wisdom which has no regard for God. Believers must separate themselves from worldly wisdom that waters down the gospel of Christ. Many have missed the blessing by following this godless wisdom. Paul concludes the letter with benediction. “Grace be with you”. Only God’s grace can keep his servant to remain faithful in the ministry. May God bless all!
Church and the institution of Slavery: 1 Tim 6:1-2.
Paul warns Timothy against anyone who teaches a different doctrine that does not agree with the teaching of Lord Jesus Christ. When Paul wrote this epistle, the institution of slavery was universal in the Roman Empire. Many believers were slaves, serving under unbelieving masters. Paul advices that they should obey their master so that the name of God should not be slandered. Christians are exhorted to honor those who are in authority. The institution of slavery was not openly condemned in the New Testament. But as the teachings of the gospel spread, the abuse of slavery has been abolished. Though there is common brotherhood in Christ our social differences are not abolished. When a believing master is a brother in Christ, it should motivate the believing slave to serve him faithfully. Where the spirit of Christian brotherhood exist, our mutual love and respect can make life happier in any circumstances. When local church meets together there should not be any social distinction.
False Teachers and the Love of Money: 1 Tim 6:3-10.
Paul reminds Timothy that sound doctrine is necessary for godly living. Unhealthy teaching stirs up envy, strife, slander, evil suspicions and constant friction in the church. False teachers think godliness in terms of making money. But Paul adds that godliness with contentment is great gain (6:6). Contentment is a learned habit (Phil 4:12). It is finding true satisfaction with what has provided. Real contentment is independent of either poverty or wealth. Contentment coupled with godliness will bring great blessing. Paul says, ”For we brought nothing into the world and we cannot take anything out of the world”. The Lord knows our needs. We should be content with food, clothing and a place to live (Matt 6:33). Paul warns against the peril of covetousness. Greed and contentment will never go together. We cannot serve two masters (Luke 16:13). Those who desire to become rich fall into many temptations. They also fall into harmful desires that lead to destruction (1 Tim 6:9). The love of money is the root of all kinds of evils. Greed for material things can ruin our souls. Christians should seek the things above (Col 3:1).
Timothy, Be a Man of God: 1 Tim 6:11-16.
Timothy is addressed here as a "Man of God" (1 Tim 6:11). Scholars suggest that Timothy is the only one addressed in this manner in the New Testament. Someone has suggested that this phrase is used 78 time in the whole Bible and only twice in the New Testament (1 Tim 6:11; 2 Tim 3:17). This phrase is used in the Old testament to designate prophets (Deut 33:1). This describes of a man who is godlike in behavior. He should flee from all evils and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, steadfastness and gentleness. Pursuing personal and practical righteousness is a continuous action. He should flee from pride and vanity of false teachers and fight the good fight of faith. He should strive for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. He should take hold of eternal life that God has given him. Timothy was a saved person and possessed eternal life. He also confessed his faith before many witnesses through his baptism. Now Paul commands Timothy before God and Jesus Christ to obey the commandments until the appearing of Jesus Christ. The coming of Christ is the great motivation for godly living (1 John 3:1-3). After his solemn exhortation Paul gives the glorious doxology. At the appearing of the Lord Jesus, believers will receive reward for their faithful service. One day the world will acknowledge that Jesus is the King of kings and Lord of lords. Christ is the only one worthy of our praise. He alone is sovereign, immortal and unapproachable (6:16). What a glorious Savior we serve!
Instructions to the Rich: 1 Tim 6:17-21.
Paul warns Timothy against the peril of covetousness. It is not sinful to be rich. Jesus never condemned rich man because he was rich. But He warns against putting false confidence in riches rather than becoming rich toward God (Luke 12:21). Those who place their trust in uncertain riches will be disappointed. God provides us with everything to enjoy (6:17). This knowledge is the secret of true happiness. Christians are only stewards of their wealth. The proper attitude toward riches is to use it for the good of others. By doing this, they store up treasures in heaven. This is the best investment we can make. Paul finally exhorts Timothy to guard what was committed to him. He was committed with the truth of the gospel of grace. In order to be faithful steward of the truth, Timothy should avoid the godless wisdom which has no regard for God. Believers must separate themselves from worldly wisdom that waters down the gospel of Christ. Many have missed the blessing by following this godless wisdom. Paul concludes the letter with benediction. “Grace be with you”. Only God’s grace can keep his servant to remain faithful in the ministry. May God bless all!
